U.S. History II Unit 7: the Jazz Age

Radios

By 1929 there were 10 million ______________ in use across the United States.

The Jazz Singer

First "talkie" or movie with spoken words:

Marcus Garvey

A dynamic black leader from Jamaica, _______________ captured the imagination of millions of African Americans with his "Negro Nationalism," which glorified the black culture and traditions. He also called for economic and social separation and independence from whites.

McNary-Haugen Bill

A plan in which the government would boost farm prices by buying up surpluses and selling them, at a loss, overseas. (Vetoed by Calvin Coolidge)

Palmer Raids

A series of raids in late 1919 and early 1920 by the United States Department of Justice intended to capture, arrest, and deport radical leftists, especially anarchists, from the United States. The raids and arrests occurred in November 1919 and January 1920 under the leadership of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer. Though more than 500 foreign citizens were deported, including a number of prominent leftist leaders, Palmer's efforts were largely frustrated by officials at the U.S. Department of Labor; they had authority for deportations and objected to Palmer's methods:

Jazz

A style of music influenced by Dixieland blues and ragtime, with its syncopated rhythms and improvisational elements.

Dawes Plan

American banks would make loans to Germany that would enable it to make reparations payments. In exchange, Britain and France would accept less in reparations and pay back more on their war debts to the United States.

Europe

American modern artists were greatly influence by the art movements of

Cooperative Individualism

An idea that involved encouraging businesses to form trade associations that would voluntarily share information with the federal government.

Red Scare

As strikes erupted across the United States in 1919, the fear that Communists might seize power led to the...

Zora Neale Hurston

Author whose work featured African American woman as central characters

Business

Calvin Coolidge: "The chief business of the American people is __________."

Carl Sandburg

Chicago poet, historian, folklorist, and novelist _________ used common speech to glorify the Midwest.

Racism

Claude McKay's poetry expressed two striking characteristics of Harlem Renaissance writing-a proud defiance and bitter contempt of

Speakeasies

During prohibition people flocked to secret bars called _____________.

Open Shop

During the 1920s, unions lost both influence and membership. Employers promoted the ___________ - a workplace where employees were not required to join a union.

1. increase in going to college 2. increase in joining the workforce 3. shorter dress and hair 4. more smoking and drinking

Elements of female liberation:

Margaret Sanger

Founded the American Birth Control League in 1921:

A. Mitchell Palmer

In June of 1919, 8 bombs in 8 cities exploded within minutes of one another, suggesting a nationwide conspiracy. One of them damaged the home of U.S. Attorney General ________________

National Origins Act

Made immigration restriction a permanent policy and set quotas at a 2 percent of each national group represented in the U.S. Census of 1890. It was aimed at limiting immigration from southern and eastern Europe (these were considered the "bad" immigrants of the 1920s.):

Fundamentalism

Many viewed the consumer culture, relaxed ethics, and changing roles of women as evidence of the nation's moral decline and reacted by joining a religious movement known as _____________.

Federal Bureau of Investigation

Palmer established a special division within the Justice Department, the General Intelligence Division. The division, headed by J. Edgar Hoover, eventually became the _____________

Borrowing/credit

One notable aspect of the economic boom of the 1920s was the growth of individual __________________.

Business Leadership

President Coolidge's philosophy of government was that government should interfere with business and industry as little as possible and that prosperity rested on . . .

Teapot Dome Scandal

President Harding's secretary of the interior, Albert B. Fall, secretly allowed private interests to lease lands (without the normal bidding process) containing U.S. Navy oil reserves, causing a scandal that came to be known as the . . .

Emergency Quote Act

Restricted annual admission to the United States to only 3 percent of the total number of people in any ethnic group:

Supply-Side Economics

The idea that cutting taxes on the wealthy would cause them to invest their money (stocks, bonds, etc.) into the economy and therefore boost the economy was known as . . .

1. Progressive Era 2. World War I (internationalism) 3. Red Scare (fear of communists, anarchists, and immigrants)

The 1920s were a reaction to . . .

1. baseball 2. boxing 3. horse racing 4. college football

The 4 most prominent sports of the 1920s:

Bohemian

The artistic and unconventional, or _________ lifestyle of neighborhoods like Manhattan's Greenwich Village and Chicago's South featured many young artists, musicians, and writers.

Communism/Anarchists

The biggest factor in the conviction of Sacco and Vanzetti was their affiliation with _____________.

Andrew Mellon

The chief architect of economic policy in the United States during the 1920s was . . .

Al Capone

The most successful and violent gangster of the era:

Ku Klux Klan

The revival of this group expanded their hatred to Catholics, Jews, immigrants, and other groups said to be "un-American":

Middle Class

The rise in managers and engineers expanded the ranks of the _______________.

Welfare capitalism

The term for companies allowing workers to buy stock, participate in profit sharing, and receive medical care and pensions.

The Scopes Trial

The trial over the arrest of John T. Scopes for teaching evolution in Tennessee.

Kellogg-Briand Act

This act symbolically abolished war:

Advertising

To create consumers for their new products, manufacturers turned to __________________.

Ohio Gang

Warren G. Harding's friends from Ohio who were known for corruption: Some members used their positions to sell government jobs, pardons, and protections from prosecution. Charles R. Forbes sold scarce medical supplies from veterans' hospitals:

Babe Ruth

What baseball player also became a national hero?

Assembly line

What system of manufacturing adopted by Henry Ford divided operations into simple task and cut unnecessary motion to a minimum?

Various limitations on naval-ship construction

What was at the center of the Washington Conference?

1. Overproduction of farm products during WWI 2. European Recovery after WWI 3. Fordney-McCumber Act raised tariffs

What were the factors that caused the "quiet depression"?

The Boston police force

Who walked off the job in Boston in what was perhaps the most famous strike of 1919?

Warren G. Harding

Who won the election of 1920 by promising to return the country to normalcy?

Langston Hughes

_____________ was a prolific, original, and versatile writer. He became a leading voice of the African American experience in America.

Ernest Hemingway

______________ wrote about "heroic antiheroes" in his novels For Whom the Bell Tolls and A Farewell to Arms.

Edith Wharton

_______________ used irony and humor to criticize upper-class ignorance and pretensions. Her 1920 novel, The Age of Innocence, won the Pulitzer Prize.

F. Scott Fitzgerald

_______________ wrote The Great Gatsby, a novel critical of modern society's superficiality.

Mass Media

_____________________ easy availability of millions helped break down patterns of provincialism, or narrow focus on local interests. They fostered a sense of shared experience that helped unify the nation and spread new ideas and attitudes.