USHC 8.1 Civil Rights, USHC 8.2 Johnson vs. Nixon, USHC 8.3 Vietnam War

Watergate

(RN), 1972, The events and scandal surrounding a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in 1972 and the subsequent cover-up of White House involvement, leading to the eventual resignation of President Nixon

SNCC

(Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee)-a group established in 1960 to promote and use non-violent means to protest racial discrimination

Ho Chi Minh

1950s and 60s; communist leader of North Vietnam; used guerrilla warfare t

Brown v. Board

1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson; ordered all public schools desegregated.

Freedom Rides

1961 event organized by CORE and SNCC in which an interracial group of civil rights activists tested southern states' compliance to the Supreme Court ban of segregation on interstate buses

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

1964 Congressional resolution authorizing President Johnson to take military action in Vietnam

Tet Offensive

1968, during Tet, the Vietnam lunar new year - Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army raiding forces attacked provincial capitals throughout Vietnam, even seizing the U.S. embassy for a time. U.S. opinion began turning against the war.

Geneva Accords

A 1954 peace agreement that divided Vietnam into Communist-controlled North Vietnam and non-Communist South Vietnam until unification elections could be held in 1956

Viet Cong

A Communist-led army and guerrilla force in South Vietnam that fought its government and was supported by North Vietnam.

Black Panthers

A black political organization that was against peaceful protest and for violence if needed. The organization marked a shift in policy of the black movement, favoring militant ideals rather than peaceful protest.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A federal law that authorized federal action against segregation in public accommodations, public facilities, and employment.

Napalm

A gasoline-based substance used in bombs that U.S. planes dropped in Vietnam in order to burn away jungle and expose Vietcong hideouts

Medicaid

A joint federal and state program that helps low-income individuals or families pay for the costs associated with long-term medical and custodial care, provided they qualify.

Voting Rights Act of 1968

A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage.

Ho Chi Minh Trail

A network of paths used by North Vietnam to transport supplies to the Vietcong in South Vietnam

Medicare

A program added to the Social Security system in 1965 that provides hospitalization insurance for the elderly and permits older Americans to purchase inexpensive coverage for doctor fees and other health expenses.

Black Power

A slogan used to reflect solidarity and racial consciousness, used by Malcolm X. It meant that equality could not be given, but had to be seized by a powerful, organized Black community.

Domino Theory

A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.

Malcolm X

African American civil rights leader who advocated using violence if necessary to secure equal rights

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA_

An agency of the federal government created in 1970 and charged with administering all the government's environmental legislation.

Stagflation

An economic condition marked by both inflation and high unemployment

Lyndon B. Johnson

Became president after Kennedy's assassination and reelected in 1964; Democrat; signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law, promoted his "Great Society" plan

Dixiecrats

Conservative southern Democrats who objected to President Truman's strong push for civil-rights legislation.

Stokely Carmichael

He was a black activist as member of CORE. As the movement progressed, he started to become more militant creating the cry of black power.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

In 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city buses.

Selma March

King organized this major demonstration in Alabama to press for the right of blacks to register to vote. Selma sheriff led local police in a televised brutal attack on demonstrators.

March on Washington

March for equality, freedom and civil rights legislation--Dr. King gave his "dream" speech

NOW

National Organization for Women

Birmingham Campaign

Nonviolent protests for Civil Rights in Birmingham, AL during the late '50s and throughout the 60s. Abuse of protesters got media attention important to the success of the Civil Rights Movement

Great Society

President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program this. Involved measures such as Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education

Southern Strategy

President Nixon's attempt to attract the support of Southern conservative Democrats who were unhappy with federal desegregation policies and the liberal Supreme Court.

Richard M. Nixon

President of the United States that was instrumental in improving relations with China He later resigned following the Watergate Scandal.

Equal Rights Ammendment

Proposed constitutional amendment meant to make sexual discrimination illegal that failed to be ratified by enough states.

Solid South

Term applied to the one-party (Democrat) system of the South following the Civil War. For 100 years after the Civil War, the South voted Democrat in every presidential election.

Roe v. Wade

The 1973 Supreme Court decision holding that a state ban on all abortions was unconstitutional. T

Martin Luther King

U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations.

17th parallel

Vietnam Line of latitude that separated North and South Vietnam

Freedom Summer

a campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African American voters as possible in Mississippi

Head Start

a preschool program for children from low-income families that also provides healthcare, nutrition services, and social services

Civil Rights Movement

a social movement in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s, in which people organized to demand equal rights for African Americans and other minorities

sit ins

protests by black college students, 1960-1961, who took seats at "whites only" lunch counters and refused to leave until served