USHC 8.1 Civil Rights, USHC 8.2 Johnson vs. Nixon, USHC 8.3 Vietnam War
Watergate
(RN), 1972, The events and scandal surrounding a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in 1972 and the subsequent cover-up of White House involvement, leading to the eventual resignation of President Nixon
SNCC
(Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee)-a group established in 1960 to promote and use non-violent means to protest racial discrimination
Ho Chi Minh
1950s and 60s; communist leader of North Vietnam; used guerrilla warfare t
Brown v. Board
1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson; ordered all public schools desegregated.
Freedom Rides
1961 event organized by CORE and SNCC in which an interracial group of civil rights activists tested southern states' compliance to the Supreme Court ban of segregation on interstate buses
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
1964 Congressional resolution authorizing President Johnson to take military action in Vietnam
Tet Offensive
1968, during Tet, the Vietnam lunar new year - Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army raiding forces attacked provincial capitals throughout Vietnam, even seizing the U.S. embassy for a time. U.S. opinion began turning against the war.
Geneva Accords
A 1954 peace agreement that divided Vietnam into Communist-controlled North Vietnam and non-Communist South Vietnam until unification elections could be held in 1956
Viet Cong
A Communist-led army and guerrilla force in South Vietnam that fought its government and was supported by North Vietnam.
Black Panthers
A black political organization that was against peaceful protest and for violence if needed. The organization marked a shift in policy of the black movement, favoring militant ideals rather than peaceful protest.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
A federal law that authorized federal action against segregation in public accommodations, public facilities, and employment.
Napalm
A gasoline-based substance used in bombs that U.S. planes dropped in Vietnam in order to burn away jungle and expose Vietcong hideouts
Medicaid
A joint federal and state program that helps low-income individuals or families pay for the costs associated with long-term medical and custodial care, provided they qualify.
Voting Rights Act of 1968
A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage.
Ho Chi Minh Trail
A network of paths used by North Vietnam to transport supplies to the Vietcong in South Vietnam
Medicare
A program added to the Social Security system in 1965 that provides hospitalization insurance for the elderly and permits older Americans to purchase inexpensive coverage for doctor fees and other health expenses.
Black Power
A slogan used to reflect solidarity and racial consciousness, used by Malcolm X. It meant that equality could not be given, but had to be seized by a powerful, organized Black community.
Domino Theory
A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.
Malcolm X
African American civil rights leader who advocated using violence if necessary to secure equal rights
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA_
An agency of the federal government created in 1970 and charged with administering all the government's environmental legislation.
Stagflation
An economic condition marked by both inflation and high unemployment
Lyndon B. Johnson
Became president after Kennedy's assassination and reelected in 1964; Democrat; signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law, promoted his "Great Society" plan
Dixiecrats
Conservative southern Democrats who objected to President Truman's strong push for civil-rights legislation.
Stokely Carmichael
He was a black activist as member of CORE. As the movement progressed, he started to become more militant creating the cry of black power.
Montgomery Bus Boycott
In 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city buses.
Selma March
King organized this major demonstration in Alabama to press for the right of blacks to register to vote. Selma sheriff led local police in a televised brutal attack on demonstrators.
March on Washington
March for equality, freedom and civil rights legislation--Dr. King gave his "dream" speech
NOW
National Organization for Women
Birmingham Campaign
Nonviolent protests for Civil Rights in Birmingham, AL during the late '50s and throughout the 60s. Abuse of protesters got media attention important to the success of the Civil Rights Movement
Great Society
President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program this. Involved measures such as Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education
Southern Strategy
President Nixon's attempt to attract the support of Southern conservative Democrats who were unhappy with federal desegregation policies and the liberal Supreme Court.
Richard M. Nixon
President of the United States that was instrumental in improving relations with China He later resigned following the Watergate Scandal.
Equal Rights Ammendment
Proposed constitutional amendment meant to make sexual discrimination illegal that failed to be ratified by enough states.
Solid South
Term applied to the one-party (Democrat) system of the South following the Civil War. For 100 years after the Civil War, the South voted Democrat in every presidential election.
Roe v. Wade
The 1973 Supreme Court decision holding that a state ban on all abortions was unconstitutional. T
Martin Luther King
U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations.
17th parallel
Vietnam Line of latitude that separated North and South Vietnam
Freedom Summer
a campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African American voters as possible in Mississippi
Head Start
a preschool program for children from low-income families that also provides healthcare, nutrition services, and social services
Civil Rights Movement
a social movement in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s, in which people organized to demand equal rights for African Americans and other minorities
sit ins
protests by black college students, 1960-1961, who took seats at "whites only" lunch counters and refused to leave until served