UTHS Physics A

You have just finished a lab. While you are washing a beaker, it breaks. How should you dispose of the broken beaker?

In a box labeled for broken glassware

What does SI stand for in English?

International System

The Universal Law of Gravitation was first proposed by-

Isaac Newton

Determine how tripling the compression of a spring affects its elastic potential energy.

It will be nine times greater

Ignoring friction, what is true for a symmetrical launch at an angle on Earth?

Its apex time is 1/2 of its hang time

Which of the following is the SI unit for temperature?

Kelvin.

Which of the following best describes how kinetic energy depends on mass and velocity?

Kinetic energy is directly proportional to mass and the square of velocity.

What is the strongest model that can be made in science?

Law

Which of the following terms is the best scientific label for the phenomena known as gravity?

Law.

What type of graph is shown below?

Line graph

Which of the following could best demonstrate conservation of momentum?

Measure the mass and the velocity of two cars before and after they collide.

Explain how you could experimentally confirm the conservation of energy of a falling ball using a meter stick, velocity sensor, and scale.

Measure the mass, height, and final velocity to compare gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy.

Which instrument would be best for measuring distance?

Meter stick

Which measuring system is the SI system based on?

Metric system.

A 20 kg child runs at 3 m/s and jumps into a stationary 5 kg wagon. Determine the final velocity of the child and wagon.

2.4 m/s

A car is travelling at 45 m/s, when a dog runs into the highway. The driver hits the brakes and the car accelerates at -18.8 m/s^(2). Approximately how many seconds will it take the car to stop?

2.4 s

An object is launched horizontally at 89.8 m/s from a height of 32 m. Approximately how long is the object's hang time?

2.6

A student applies a -5 N resisting force to a 0.75 kg lab cart for 0.5 s in order to slow it down. Determine the final velocity of the cart if its initial velocity is 6 m/s.

2.67 m/s

A 1 kg pendulum is found to have a velocity of 2 m/s when it is 0.1 meters above the lowest point in its swing. Determine the mechanical energy in the pendulum.

2.98 Joules

A car goes around a roundabout with a velocity of 10 m/s and is 15 m from the center of the roundabout. What is the magnitude of the car's centripetal acceleration?

6.67 m/s2

A projectile is launched at a diagonal angle and is in the air for 17.5 seconds. How long does it take the projectile to reach its apex?

8.75 s

If a family drives for 120 kilometers and it takes them 1.5 hours, what is their speed in kilometers per hour?

80 km/hr

A 4 kg car which is traveling at 10 m/s collides with a 2 kg car which is moving in the same direction at 5 m/s. After the collision the heavier car is moving at 7 m/s and the lighter car is moving at 11 m/s. Determine whether momentum is conserved.

Momentum is conserved

Which graph below shows an object at rest?

D The slope of this line is zero and its distance is not changing over time. This object is at rest.

If you are building a catapult and will be launching tennis balls, which piece of safety equipment should you use?

Impact resistant safety goggles.

While conducting a field lab, you are minorly injured. Although you do not believe that the injury is serious, you should still:

notify an adult about your injury.

If the distance between the centers of two masses is doubled, then the magnitude of the gravitational force between them will be-

one quarter of its original magnitude

Kinetic energy is directly proportional to which of the following?

mass

A number raised to 10^(-3) has the same value as the metric prefix:

milli.

The resistance that an object has to changes in its motion is referred to as

inertia

The relationship between distance and gravitational force is an example of a(n)-

inverse-square law

The unit Newton is equivalent to

kg*m/s2

Determine the mechanical energy of a 50 kg skater rolling at 5 m/s, 4 meters above the bottom of the ramp.

2,585 J

Determine the change in momentum of a 0.16 kg billiard ball moving at 3 m/s that strikes another ball and slows to 2 m/s, continuing in the same direction.

-0.16 kg • m/s

A stationary 80 kg astronaut in space throws a 2 kg tool at a velocity of 8 m/s. What is the recoil velocity of the astronaut?

-0.2 m/s

A 3 kg cannonball is fired at 75 m/s from a 500 kg cannon. Determine the recoil velocity of the cannon.

-0.45 m/s

Determine the impulse applied to a car's front bumper during a collision if it measures a -2,000 N force for 0.9 seconds.

-1,800 N•s

A parachute slows a 0.3 kg falling toy from 8 m/s to 2 m/s. Determine the change in momentum of the falling toy.

-1.8 kg • m/s

A car is traveling at 35 m/s and hits its brakes, slowing to a speed of 13 m/s over 5 seconds. In m/s2 , what is the car's acceleration during that time period?

-4.4

Determine the impulse delivered to a driver by a seat belt during a collision if the driver experiences a -13,000 N force for 0.4 seconds.

-5,200 N•s

A 2,000 kg car moving at 37 m/s hits a brick wall and comes to a stop. If the collision lasts 3.2 s, what is the car's final momentum?

0 N•s

A brother and sister walk 2.7 km from their home to the home of a friend. If they take the same route to and from their friend's house, what is their resultant displacement?

0 km

A person is sitting in their seat on an airplane that is traveling at 200 m/s. How fast would that person appear to be moving to someone sitting in another seat on the plane?

0 m/s

A person is sitting on the ground while the Earth is traveling around the sun at 30,000 m/s. How fast is that person moving relative to the ground?

0 m/s

What number is equal to 3.86217 x 10^(-10)

0.000000000386217

A nickel with a mass of 0.005 kg is placed on a spinning plate. The plate's rotation results in a centripetal acceleration of 1.25 m/s2. What is the magnitude of the centripetal force acting on the nickel?

0.00625 N

A baseball thrown at 40 m/s has a momentum of 5.8 kg · m/s. Determine the mass of the baseball.

0.145 kg

A marble is pushed down 0.1 m against a spring with a spring constant of 20 N/m. It is released and rises straight up into the air. Determine the elastic potential energy if the spring compression distance is doubled and describe the energy transformation.

0.4 J; Elastic potential energy in the spring is converted to kinetic energy as the marble moves and to gravitational potential energy as it rises.

A 0.2 kg spring loaded dart is compressed against a spring 0.03 m and released horizontally. The spring constant is 56 N/m. How fast is the dart initially moving?

0.50 m/s

A 0.1 kg arrow is shot from a bow at 60 m/s. The arrow hits a stationary 5 kg target and exits with a velocity of 30 m/s. What is the target's velocity after the arrow passes through it?

0.6 m/s

A couch with a mass of 80 kg is pushed with a force of 72 N to the right. Friction exerts a force of 4 N to the left. The normal force and weight are 784 N in opposite directions. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the couch?

0.85 m/s2

Which statements correctly describe the energy transformation of the roller coaster car starting from rest on the top of hill X, rolling down through the loop Y, then rolling up hill Z shown below? Assume that friction is negligible. 1The total mechanical energy at hill X is the same at hill Z 2The car possesses potential energy at X, some of which transforms into kinetic energy at Y 3The car only possesses potential energy at reaches hill Z

1 and 2

Which of the following are true about science? Science can answer questions about past events. Science can make aesthetic or moral judgments. Science can make predictions about future events. Science can make statements regarding absolutes.

1 and 3

A 1 kg car is traveling at 5 m/s and it collides with a second of unknown mass that is at rest. After the collision the first car stops and the second car moves on at 5 m/s. Determine the unknown mass

1 kg

Gravitational potential energy is directly proportional to which of the following? 1.Mass 2Acceleration due to gravity 3Height 4Velocity

1, 2, and 3

Two containers holding eggs are dropped from the same height, reaching the same maximum velocity as they fall. Both have the same mass and shape but container B has more padding. In container A the egg breaks and in container B the egg does not break. Which of the following correctly describe the containers? 1The containers have the same change in momentum during the collision 2The impulse during impact is the same for both containers 3The impact force experienced by container A is greater because the impact time is lower

1, 2, and 3

Which equipment is required to measure the energy of a rolling toy car at the top and bottom of a hill on a friction-less track in order to examine conservation of energy? 1scale or balance 2ruler 3velocity sensor 4stopwatch

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following correctly describe the conservation of energy in a friction-less clock pendulum? 1At the top of its path all of the energy is gravitational potential 2At the bottom of its path all of the energy is kinetic energy 3The mechanical energy in the system is constant

1, 2, and 3

A pitcher whirls a softball with a velocity of 25m/s. Her arm is 0.6m long. What is the centripetal acceleration of the ball?

1,041.67 m/s2

A person is walking at 1.3 m/s towards the back of an airplane that is traveling at 200 m/s. How fast would they appear to be moving to someone sitting in another seat on the plane?

1.3 m/s

Use the textbook's weight (15 N) to determine its mass.

1.53 kg

A 2 kg toy car which is rolling at 5 m/s collides with a stationary 3 kg toy truck, and they bounce apart. Determine the total momentum in the system after the collision.

10 kg • m/s

A 0.50 kg soccer ball is kicked straight up into the air at 14 m/s. Determine the maximum height that it reaches. Assume friction is negligible.

10 m

A bowler uses 75 N of force to roll a 7 kg ball. How much did the ball accelerate?

10.71 m/s2

A 0.4 kg object released from rest reaches 6 m/s as it falls to the floor 2 m below. What is the change in momentum of the object from release to just before impact?

2.4 kg • m/s

If an object is traveling at a velocity of 37 m/s and has an acceleration of 0 m/s2, how far will it have traveled after 300 seconds?

11,100m

Determine the stored gravitational potential energy in a 300 kg roller coaster car that is 40 meters off the ground.

117,600 J

How much force is needed to accelerate a 3kg object at a rate of 4m/s2?

12 N

A projectile is launched diagonally into the air and has a hang time of 24.5 seconds. Approximately how much time is required for the projectile to reach its apex?

12.25 s

A 0.01 kg spring toy is compressed 0.02 m and released vertically. The toy is measured to reach 0.25 m in the air. Determine the spring constant for the toy.

122.5 N/m

A dog owner uses a 1.4 m long scooper to launch a 0.25 kg ball for his dog to chase. He flings it with a velocity of 27 m/s just before releasing the ball. What was the centripetal force acting on the ball before it was launched?

130 N

A boulder rolls down from the top of a hill, at a constant velocity of 52.3 m/s. Approximately how long will it take the boulder to get to the bottom of the hill if the hill is 755 m tall?

14.4 s

How much work energy is used to launch a 0.5 kg ball from the ground to 3 meters above the ground?

14.7 Joules

A girl pushes her 28kg brother in a swing and he accelerates 5m/s2. How much force did the girl use?

140 N

A 0.08 kg yo-yo has a centripetal acceleration of 187.5 m/s2. What is the centripetal force provided by tension in the string?

15 N

A 15,000 kg train engine moving at 10 m/s couples with a stationary 12,000 kg train car. What is the total momentum in the system after the collision?

150,000 kg • m/s

A force of 13 N is used to slide a 0.8 kg book across a table. What is the magnitude of the book's acceleration?

16 m/s2

A 3,000 kg roller coaster car starts the bottom of a loop with a speed of 22 m/s. Determine the velocity of the car at the top of the loop if a net force pulls against the car with -31,000 N of force for 0.5 seconds as it rises to the top of the loop.

16.8 m/s

Calculate the momentum of a 6,000 kg bus driving at 30 m/s.

180,000 kg • m/s

A Formula 1 race car driver's car is at rest at the starting line when the starting gun is fired. 6.3 seconds later, the driver's Formula 1 car is traveling at 123 m/s. What is the magnitude of the race car's acceleration in m/s^(2)?

19.5

Determine the kinetic energy of a 500 kg car moving at 28 m/s.

196,000 J

A person is walking at 2 m/s towards the back of an airplane that is traveling at 200 m/s. How fast would they appear to be moving to someone standing on the ground?

198 m/s

A toy dart is compressed against a spring and is held stationary 2 meters above the floor. Which of the following are part of the total mechanical energy in the system at this instant? 1Kinetic energy 2Gravitational potential energy 3Elastic potential energy

2 and 3

You are about to conduct a lab in which you are advised that you will be working with a projectile. Which of the safety precautions below would be appropriate for this activity? 1.Wear gloves 2.Wear impact resistant safety glasses 3.Avoid standing in front of the projectile launcher 4.Tie back long hair

2 and 3.

You are about to conduct a lab in which you are advised that you will be working with a flame. Which of the safety precautions below would be appropriate for this activity? 1.Wear safety goggles 2.Use appropriate type of gloves 3.Wear loose clothing 4.Tie back long hair

2 and 4.

If a person is walking towards the front of a train at 2.3 m/s and the train is moving at 18 m/s, how fast would that person be moving relative to an observer standing on a platform as the train moves past?

20.3 m/s

A force of 400 Newtons lifts a garage door 2.5 meters in 5 seconds. Determine the power generated by the opener.

200 Watts

A person is sitting in their seat on an airplane that is traveling at 200 m/s. How fast would that person appear to be moving to someone standing on the ground?

200 m/s

A person movies at 1.0 m/s towards the front on an airplane that is traveling at 200 m/s. How fast would that appear to be moving to someone standing on the ground?

201 m/s

2.35 x 10^(5) is equal to:

23,500,000

What is the magnitude of centripetal acceleration for a 4 kg discus being thrown by an athlete with a 0.8 meter long arm if the discus is moving 14 m/s before being released?

245 m/s2

Car A has a mass of 500 kg and is moving at 30 m/s. It collides head on with Car B, which has a mass of 600 kg and is moving at a velocity of -25 m/s. After the collision car A has a velocity of -30 m/s. Determine the final velocity of car B.

25 m/s

A 50 kg bumper car which is traveling at 3 m/s runs into 40 kg bumper car which is traveling at 2 m/s in the same direction. After the collision the two stick together and continue moving in the same direction. What is the approximate velocity of the two cars after the collision, when they are stuck together?

3 m/s

A rocket starts at rest and then fires its engines for 10.5 seconds, accelerating at a rate of 300 m/s2. What will its approximate final velocity be?

3,150 m/s

A family takes an airplane to go on vacation, and flies 1,700 kilometers to their destination, and 1700 kilometers back. How much distance have they traveled?

3,400 km

A 30 kg child on a merry-go-round is riding a horse that is 8 m from the center of the merry-go-round. If the child has a tangential velocity of 3 m/s, what is the magnitude of the centripetal force on the child?

33.75 N

An object is dropped out of an airplane that is moving horizontally at 350 m/s and is 22,000 m above the ground. Ignoring friction, what will its approximate V(FX) be on impact?

350 m/s

How much force would be needed to accelerate a 3kg object by 12m/s2?

36 N

If a person is walking towards the back of a boat at 1.0 m/s and the boat is moving at 5 m/s, how fast would that person be moving relative to an observer standing on the river bank as the boat moves past?

4 m/s

A 1,500 kg truck is parked 50 meters from a 1,000 kg van. What is the gravitational force between the pair?

4.0 x 10^(-8) N

An object at the top of an 89.4 meter tall cliff is launched horizontally with a horizontal velocity (VI X) of 33.6 m/s. What is the object's approximate hang time?

4.3 s

A performer has a 1.0 kg fireball on the end of a 1.2m long string. She whirls it with a velocity of 23 m/s. What is the centripetal force acting on the ball?

440 N to 2 significant figure

How much would a 0.625 kg basketball accelerate if 30N of force were used to pass it?

48 m/s2

Calculate the work generated lifting a 5 kg dumbbell 1 meter

49 Joules

What is the gravitational force between a 5.0 x 10^5 kg space station and a 3,500 kg asteroid at a distance of 450m?

5.76 x 10^(-7) N

A wild horse is trotting at a speed of 4.8 m/s when a loud noise spooks it . The horse then accelerates at a rate of 2.1 m/s2 and reaches a velocity of 16 m/s. Approximately how much distance does the horse travel while it is accelerating?

55.5 m

Determine the work required to lift a 3 kilogram object up 2 meters with a constant velocity.

58.8 J

A projectile is launched diagonally into the air and travels 88 meters in 12 seconds. What was its approximate V(IY)?

58.8 m/s

Determine the work energy used to speed up a 10 kg mass from 8 m/s to 14 m/s.

660 J

A student gives a 25 N push against a 10 kg stationary cart for 3 seconds. Determine the final velocity of the cart.

7.5 m/s

A 0.6 kg basketball falls 3 meters from a hoop straight down to the ground. What approximate velocity is the ball moving with as it hits the ground? Assume air resistance is negligible.

7.7 m/s

An object is dropped from an airplane and takes 72 seconds to hit the ground. What is the magnitude of its V(FY)?

705.6 m/s

A car is approaching a red light at a velocity of 4.4 m/s, and then the light turns green. The car then accelerates at a rate of 5.3 m/s2 and reaches a velocity of 30.3 m/s. Approximately how much distance does the car travel while it is accelerating?

84.8 m

Determine the approximate elastic potential energy of a car's shock absorbing coil spring that is compressed 0.070 m and has spring constant of 35,000 N/m.

86 J

A 0.5 kg ball is rolling at 3 m/s. Determine the kinetic energy of the ball if the velocity is doubled.

9 J

Your friend pushes a textbook with a weight of 15 N toward you using 12 N of force. Friction between the book and the table exerts a force of 3 N to the left. What is the net force exerted on the textbook?

9 N

A football player kicks a ball horizontally off of a hill with an initial horizontal velocity of 42.0 m/s. It travels a horizontal distance of 59.2 m. How tall was the hill he kicked the ball off of?

9.74 m

A car 10 m from the center of a turn is moving with a speed of 30 m/s. What is the magnitude of the car's centripetal acceleration?

90 m/s2

A 300 kg car speeds up from 25 m/s to 35 m/s. Determine the input of work energy required to speed up the car.

90,000 Joules

What is the best definition of a scientific hypothesis?

A statement in an "If... then..." format, which makes a falsifiable prediction.

Which of the following would exert close to 1 Newton of force?

A baseball (145 grams accelerating at 0.0069 m/s2)

You are in a classroom and you have just finished a lab. While you are washing a beaker, you notice that it has developed a crack small crack. How should you dispose of the broken beaker?

A box properly labelled for the disposal of glass.

Which of the following is an example of negative acceleration?

A car driving west increases its speed when its driver hits the gas.

What could be used to measure the work energy given to an object?

A force sensor and a meter stick

Which of the following is an example of a mathematical model?

A graph of distance vs time.

How are mental models and mathematical models related?

A mathematical model objectively describes the relationship between things and a mental model subjectively describes the relationship between things.

Which of the following is an example of a physical model?

A miniature catapult.

A student is conducting a science experiment and needs to measure the mass of an unknown substance. Which piece of equipment would be most appropriate to complete this step?

A triple-beam or electronic balance because it measures a substance in grams.

Which of the following is the best, most comprehensive, definition of acceleration?

Any change in speed or direction of an object.

Which of the following force vectors refers to the push or pull that a person could give to an object?

Applied force

Which of the following is an allowable activity during a lab?

Asking your teacher questions.

Which graph shows an object undergoing negative acceleration?

B The slope of this line is negative, showing that speed is decreasing. Therefore it has negative acceleration.

Which graph shows an object with negative velocity?

B This slope of this line is negative and stays constant. This object has negative velocity.

Why is the best answer as to why the standard picture of an atom with circles drawn for its particles, is a conceptual model?

Because it explains the concept of atomic structure.

Why is the best answer as to why science can tell us about the consequences of pollution, but not what we should do about pollution?

Because what we should do about pollution is a subjective political question.

What is the best answer as to why we can talk about falsifiable scientific claims, and not provable scientific claims?

Because while you can show that a prediction is wrong, but even if your prediction is supported 1,000,000,000 times, the next time you test it, it could turn out to be wrong.

Book A has a potential energy of 50 Joules on a shelf. Book B has a potential energy of 90 Joules. Which of the following could explain their difference in potential energy?

Book B is on a higher shelf

Which graph shows an object undergoing acceleration?

C The slope curves upward showing an increase in distance more than an increase in time

Which graph shows an object with zero acceleration?

D. The slope of this line is zero. The speed of this object is not increasing and it is not undergoing acceleration.

The centripetal force acting on an object can be reduced by increasing-

the radius of the circular path

A spring popper toy is set on the ground. Describe the initial transformation of energy in the system as the spring releases and the toy moves upwards

Elastic potential energy converts to kinetic energy

You are conducting a lab experiment and you are wearing all appropriate safety gear and following all safety precautions. You are heating a test tube over a Bunsen burner. Your partner is clearing your work space and accidentally hits the burner, which ends up catching your long-sleeve shirt on fire. Which piece of safety equipment would be best to use to minimize injuries?

Fire blanket

You are conducting a lab experiment and you are wearing all appropriate safety gear and following all safety precautions. While you are heating a liquid over a flame, you accidentally end up catching your long sleeve shirt on fire. Which piece of safety equipment would be best to use in order to minimize injuries?

Fire blanket.

You are conducting a lab experiment and you are wearing safety goggles, a lab apron, gloves, and you have your hair pulled back. When you pick up a sharp projectile, it accidentally slips and cuts your hand. Which piece of safety equipment would be best to use to minimize injuries

First aid kit.

Select the free-body diagram that shows the correct vectors for the forces described in the following situation: Your friend pushes a textbook with a weight of 15 N toward you using 12 N of force. Friction between the book and the table exerts a force of 3 N to the left.

Free-Body Diagram

Which statement best explains why a tennis ball loses energy as it rolls along the ground?

Friction does work opposing the ball's motion and decreases mechanical energy.

Describe the energy transformation of a child that sleds down a snow covered hill.

Gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy

Which of the following best describes how gravitational potential energy depends on mass, height, and acceleration due to gravity.

Gravitational potential energy is directly proportional to mass, height, and acceleration due to gravity.

Compared to a pebble, a boulder has...

Greater mass and greater inertia

The value of the gravitational constant, G, was determined experimentally by-

Henry Cavendish

Which of the following can cause an object to accelerate? I- An unbalanced force II- A balanced force III- Inertia

I only

Of the following, which are examples of centripetal force? I- A car's inertia II- Tension in a yo-yo string III- The normal force supporting a textbook on a table IV- Gravitational force between the Earth and Moon

II and IV

Which hypothesis would be most strongly supported by the scenario below? A student notices that as an object falls, it appears to fall faster as it gets closer to the ground. The student continues to make observations and notices that when an object falls from a greater height, that the object will be going faster when it reaches the ground.

If an object is dropped from a greater height, then it will have a greater speed upon impact.

A 50 kg bumper car which is traveling at 3 m/s runs into 40 kg bumper car which is traveling at 2 m/s in the same direction. After the collision the 50 kg car is traveling 2 m/s and the 40 kg car is traveling 3.25 m/s. Which of the following best describes the collision?

Momentum is conserved in the collision

In the case of gravitational force, the force is exerted-

Mutually between any two objects regardless of their relative masses

What is the relationship displayed in this graph? https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AScientificGraphSpeedVsTime.svg

Nonlinear and direct.

One mover pushes a couch toward the north with a force of 80N while another mover pushes toward the east with a force of 40 N. Which direction will the couch move and what is the magnitude of the resultant force?

Northeast, 89.4 N

What term best describes the shape of the trajectory that a projectile takes as it moves through the air in free fall?

Parabola.

Which type of model is a metal miniature car?

Physical.

You are conducting a lab experiment and you are wearing safety goggles, a lab apron, gloves, and you have your hair pulled back. When you pick up a hot beaker using beaker tongs, it accidentally slips and breaks. A large amount of liquid lands on your arm and pants leg. Which piece of safety equipment would be best to use to minimize injuries?

Safety shower

Science has which of the following limitations?

Science cannot make aesthetic or moral judgments

Two dolphins push on a beach ball in the ocean. One pushes toward the east and one pushes toward the south. Which direction will the beach ball move?

Southeast

Which tool would be used to measure the force exerted by an object?

Spring scale

A box is pushed gaining kinetic energy, then slides to a stop on a rough surface. Which of the following best describes the work energy changes in the system?

The applied force does positive work on the system increasing kinetic energy, and friction does negative work decreasing kinetic energy.

Which statement best explains why a soccer ball speeds up when it is kicked horizontally on level ground?

The applied force does work on the ball increasing its kinetic energy.

A 0.1 kg arrow is shot at 120 m/s, a 4 kg cannonball is fired at 50 m/s, and a 1.2 kg model rocket launches with a velocity of 75 m/s. Determine which has the greatest momentum.

The cannonball

A cheetah spends 10 minutes sneaking up on an antelope, and then charges at it. Which statement below is most likely correct?

The cheetah's average velocity was 0.5 m/s and its instantaneous velocity when it charged was 30 m/s.

A 4 kg car which is traveling at 10 m/s collides with a 2 kg car, which is moving in the same direction at 5 m/s. After the collision the heavier car moves at 7 m/s and the lighter car moves at 11 m/s. Determine whether the collision is elastic or inelastic.

The collision is inelastic

A projectile is tossed from a catapult launcher that is powered by a rubber band. How does the elastic potential energy stored in the rubber band before launch compare to the initial kinetic energy of the projectile after launch? Assume there is no friction.

The elastic potential energy is greater than the kinetic energy.

Students measure a falling object's height, mass, and final velocity. Which of the following can they best demonstrate? Assume friction is insignificant.

The energy in the system is conserved from the top of the fall to the bottom

A toy car with a spring is pulled back, released, then rolls away horizontally. Which of the following best describes the energy in the system? Assume friction is negligible.

The energy is converted from elastic potential to kinetic and the total mechanical energy is constant.

What was the main cause of the Mars Climate Orbiter's destruction?

The engineering teams that built it didn't all use the same units.

Ignoring air resistance, what force acts on a projectile and in what direction does it act?

The force of gravity acting on the y axis.

Which of the following is the independent variable in the scenario below? "If you increase the height from which an object is dropped, then the object will increase its speed at a constant rate as it falls."

The height the object was dropped from.

A 10 kg object has 98 Joules of gravitational potential energy of on a low shelf, then is moved to a higher shelf and has 196 Joules of gravitational potential energy. Determine the increase in height of the object.

The height was doubled.

Which makies the hypothesis below a testable, falsifiable hypothesis? "If you one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object will exert an equal and opposite force to the first object."

The hypothesis makes a prediction about variables, which can be objectively measured with empirical data.

A group of students measure the mass and velocity of two cars before and after they collide and bounce apart. Next they repeat the same measurements with two cars that collide and stick together. Which correctly describes both collisions?

The momentum is conserved in both collisions

An object is in equilibrium when-

The net force acting on the object is zero

Two toy cars are held together against opposite sides of a compressed spring. When they are released, the spring launches the toy cars in opposite directions. Which of the following best describes the sum of the cars' momentum?

The resultant momentum of the two cars is zero before the separation and zero after the separation.

If you took a 3 kg shovel from Earth to the moon, which of the following would change?

The shovel's weight

Determine which generates the most power. 1A motor lifting a box with 15 J of work in 4 seconds 2A student pushing a box 2 meters along a ramp, with 12 N of force, in 3 seconds 3A tractor pulling a plow using 10 N of force traveling at 0.5 m/s

The student

A spaceship accelerates from a speed of 100 m/s to a speed of 1,100 m/s in 600 seconds. A car accelerates from a speed of 17 m/s to 50 m/s in 25 seconds. A train accelerates from a speed of 2 m/s to a speed of 8 m/s in 3.5 seconds. A toddler accelerates from a speed of 0 m/s to a speed of 2 m/s in 1 second. Which experienced the largest magnitude of acceleration?

The toddler

Determine which generates the most power. 1A motor lifting a box with 10 J of work in 6 seconds 2A student pushing a box 4 meters along a ramp, with 8 N of force, in 5 seconds 3A tractor pulling a plow using 30 N of force traveling at 1 m/s

The tractor

What instrument would be best for measuring temperature?

Thermometer

What is the independent variable in this graph?

Time.

Which tool would be used to measure the mass of an object?

Triple beam balance

If the amount of force on an accelerating object is doubled, an object will accelerate at...

Twice the original rate

Which of the following should be the first thing you do if you are in a classroom laboratory, and something gets in your eye?

Use the eye wash station.

If you are conducting a lab for thermodynamics in which you will be working with hot liquids, what is the most important safety precaution that should you take?

Wear splash resistant safety goggles

Which of the following is an example of normal force?

Your bed pushing up on you as you lay in i

An unknown substance has a mass of 10.2 g. You measure the mass using an electronic balance and record the following measurements: 10.1 g, 10.2 g, 10.0 g, and 10.2 g. These measurements can be said to be:

both accurate and precise

The table below represents two students' attempts to accurately measure an 11 mL volume of water. Their measurements were: Trial A-Volume (mL) 1-11.0 2-10.9 3-11.1 4-10.8

both accurate and precise.

The word "centripetal" means-

center seeking

What is the abbreviation for the metric prefix deka?

da

If the mass of one object is doubled, its gravitational attraction to another object will-

double in magnitude

A push or pull acting on an object is called -

force

While purchasing new tires, a truck driver wants tires that will allow him to be safe on slick roads. He should purchase tires that can provide the largest-

frictional force

Which formula can be used in order to calculate the height an object reaches as it is shot from a compressed spring if it's mass, spring constant, and spring compression distance are known. Assume friction is insignificant.

h=(kx^2)/(2mg)

If you shot a rifle 100 times and each of the bullets landed within a few centimeters away from each other, but 50 meters away from the target you were shooting at, then your shooting would be:

precise but not accurate

An object exerts a force of 10 N and you measure the force using a spring scale. The measurements you obtain are 12.1 N, 12.0 N, 11.9 N, and 12.1 N. Based on the given information, your measurements were:

precise but not accurate.

Students release a ball from a horizontal compressed spring. They measure the initial velocity of the ball, its mass, and the compression of the spring. What other information do they need to determine whether energy was conserved during the launch?

spring constant

A line that touches a circle at only one point is referred to as a-

tangent

Net force refers to-

the vector sum of all forces acting on object

Centripetal force and centripetal acceleration are always directed-

toward the center of a circular path

Which formula can be used to calculate the speed an object reaches as it falls to the ground if it's mass and height are known and friction is insignificant.

v=sqrt(2gh)

Which formula can be used to calculate the speed of an object as it is shot from a compressed spring if it's mass, spring constant, and spring compression distance are known? Assume friction is insignificant.

v=sqrt(k/m)

A kinetic energy value that has quadrupled could be the result of which of the following?

velocity that was doubled