UTI- Pearson
Vesicoureteral reflux Structural deviations Renal scarring The causes of UTIs include structural deviations, renal scarring, and vesicoureteral reflux. Excessive oral fluid intake or use of antibiotics does not cause UTIs.
The nurse is caring for a client with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which condition should the nurse determine as a possible cause? (Select all that apply.) Vesicoureteral reflux Structural deviations Excessive oral fluid intake Use of antibiotics Renal scarring
Alcoholic beverages Citrus juices Coffee Avoiding citrus juices, alcoholic beverages, and coffee can help prevent UTIs. Caffeine, citrus juices, alcohol, and artificial sweeteners irritate bladder mucosa and the detrusor muscle and can increase urgency and bladder spasms. Increasing the intake of cranberry juice, not avoiding it, can help prevent UTIs because it acidifies the urine. Milk intake has no known effect in preventing UTIs.
A client asks which fluids to avoid in light of repeated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which food should the nurse teach the client to avoid? (Select all that apply.) Alcoholic beverages Milk Citrus juices Coffee Cranberry juice
Vomiting Flank tenderness Diarrhea Urinary frequency The nurse should monitor a client with suspected acute pyelonephritis for flank tenderness, vomiting, diarrhea, and urinary frequency. Other manifestations the client may present with are high fever, chills, costovertebral angle tenderness, and moderate to severe dehydration. Nocturia is a manifestation of cystitis, not acute pyelonephritis.
A client is admitted to the emergency department for possible acute pyelonephritis. Which manifestation should the nurse consider to be consistent with this disorder? (Select all that apply.) Vomiting Flank tenderness Diarrhea Urinary frequency Nocturia
"Phenazopyridine helps for reducing the pain, but it does not treat the infection." Phenazopyridine is an analgesic, so it helps the pain, but it does not treat the infection. An antibiotic is needed to treat the infection. Easing the pain is worthwhile, but not if it delays active treatment of the infection. The patient does not need to stop the analgesic, nor does the patient need to make a return visit for treatment.
A female patient presents with a urinary tract infection and is prescribed an antibiotic. The patient states, "Phenazopyridine has worked in the past to stop the symptoms, so why do I need an antibiotic?" Which statement by the nurse is accurate? "Phenazopyridine helps for reducing the pain, but it does not treat the infection." "Come back after you stop taking the phenazopyridine if you have any symptoms." "Keep taking the phenazopyridine, because it seems to be working well by itself." "Since you no longer have pain, you no longer have a urinary tract infection."
"Cranberry juice is ineffective in killing the bacteria causing the UTI." The prescribed antibiotic is used to eradicate the bacteria. Cranberry juice (low-sugar) increases the acidity in the urine, creating an environment not conducive to the growth of bacteria. Cranberry juice is not used to treat pain associated with UTIs.
A patient diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI) is prescribed an antibiotic. The patient states, "I prefer to try and get rid of this by drinking cranberry juice first." Which statement by the nurse provides accurate information? "Cranberry juice is ineffective in killing the bacteria causing the UTI." "Cranberry juice is used to decrease pain associated with UTIs." "Cranberry juice will increase the acid in your urine and kill the bacteria." "Cranberry juice will help kill and flush out the bacteria."
Urinary analgesic A urinary analgesic is prescribed to treat the painful spasms that are associated with UTIs. Glycopeptide, sulfonamide, and penicillin antibiotics are commonly used in the treatment of the organism that caused the UTI, not the treatment of pain.
A patient diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI) reports the pain at 7 on a 0-10 scale. Which drug classification should the nurse expect to find on the medication administration record (MAR)? Glycopeptide antibiotics Penicillin antibiotics Sulfonamide antibiotics Urinary analgesic
"It enables your healthcare provider to choose an effective antibiotic." A urine culture and sensitivity is a diagnostic test that helps the healthcare provider choose the most effective antibiotic to treat the UTI. A urinalysis test identifies bacteria and blood cells in the urine. A white blood cell count identifies characteristic changes associated with the infection. An intravenous pyelography helps to evaluate renal excretory function.
A patient diagnosed with a urinary tract infection provides a urine sample for culture and sensitivity. The patient asks, "I know I have an infection, so why do you have to do this test?" Which is an accurate response by the nurse? "The test provides an evaluation of kidney function." "It enables your healthcare provider to choose an effective antibiotic." "The test can identify the changes associated with the infection." "Bacteria and blood cells can be identified in the urine."
"Are you experiencing any pain when you urinate?" Asking about pain is should be a priority during a focused assessment for a patient suspected of having a UTI. The question directly addresses a common symptom associated with hematuria. Asking if the patient has tried to treat the symptoms, how many times the patient voids each night, and about the presence of lower back pain are important, but may be related to other clinical diagnoses.
A patient presents to the clinic stating, "This morning I noticed that I have blood in my urine." Which question by the nurse during the focused assessment for a urinary tract infection (UTI) is the priority? "Are you experiencing any pain when you urinate?" "Have you tried to treat your symptoms?" "How many times do you void per night?" "Do you have lower back pain?"
"Did you finish your prescribed antibiotic for the UTI?" Based on the assessment findings, it is important to determine if the patient completed the full course of the prescribed antibiotic. If the course of treatment with an antibiotic remains incomplete, the bacteria may continue to invade the renal system, resulting in an upper UTI and pyelonephritis. The patient is instructed to completely empty the bladder every 3-4 hours. Adequate fluid intake helps clear bacteria from the urinary system, but does not eradicate it. A urine sample will be obtained to analyze the color and odor of the urine.
A patient recently treated for a urinary tract infection (UTI) presents to the clinic. Significant findings include a temperature of 102.1°F (38.9°C) and flank tenderness. Which question asked by the nurse predominately relates to the clinical history and current assessment findings in the patient? "Do you completely empty your bladder every 6 hours?" "Have you noticed any change in the color or odor of your urine?" "How much fluid did you drink in the past 24 hours?" "Did you finish your prescribed antibiotic for the UTI?"
Urine Gram stain Although a culture and sensitivity is ordered to identify the infecting organism and its sensitivity to particular antibiotic(s), it takes 24-48 hours for the culture and up to another 24-48 hours to run the sensitivity. A Gram stain of the urine may be done more quickly to identify the infecting organism by type and can assist in determination of the use of either a gram-positive or gram-negative effective antibiotic. A urinalysis assesses for pyuria, bacteria, and blood cells in the urine. It is not used to determine the infecting organism. A WBC count with a differential detects typical changes associated with infection.
A patient who has been treated empirically for a urinary tract infection (UTI) over the past 3 days with the antibiotic nitrofurantoin is experiencing worsening symptoms. Which urine test should the nurse anticipate to hasten identification of the type of microorganism causing the UTI? Urinalysis WBC count with a differential Culture and sensitivity Urine Gram stain
Aromatherapy A complementary therapy that can be recommended to the patient to promote comfort is aromatherapy. Drinking adequate fluids is important for urination to flush out the bacteria, but this is not a complementary therapy. Adding bergamot, sandalwood, lavender, or juniper oil to bathwater may help relieve the discomfort of a UTI. Palmetto has an antiseptic effect and may be beneficial in treating or preventing UTIs. Prior to integrating herbal remedies into the plan of care, the nurse should advise the patient to consult a qualified herbologist for recommended doses and appropriate use.
A patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI) states, "I will take my antibiotic, but I really do not like taking medication. What else can I do for the discomfort?" Which intervention should the nurse recommend to the patient to promote comfort based on the understanding of complementary therapy? Integrating saw palmetto into the treatment plan Drinking adequate fluids Aromatherapy Adding chamomile oil to the bathwater
A female client with uncomplicated cystitis Most uncomplicated infections of the lower urinary tract can be treated with a short course of antibiotic therapy, either a single antibiotic dose or a 3-day course of treatment. Single-dose therapy is associated with a higher rate of recurrent infection and continued vaginal colonization with Escherichia coli, making a 3-day course of treatment the preferred option for uncomplicated cystitis. Men and women with pyelonephritis, urinary tract abnormalities or stones, or a history of antibiotic-resistant infections require a 7- to 10-day course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, or an alternative antibiotic.
For which client should the nurse question the healthcare provider's order for a 7- to 10-day course of antibiotics? A male client with a history of antibiotic-resistant infections A female client with urinary tract abnormalities A male client with pyelonephritis A female client with uncomplicated cystitis
Removal of the catheter The nurse can anticipate the healthcare provider to prescribe a 10- to 14-day course of antibiotic therapy after removal of the catheter. Replacement of the catheter is not a priority treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria. A short course of antibiotic therapy is not used for the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Next Question
The nurse is caring for a client with a urinary catheter who is diagnosed with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Which collaborative treatment should the nurse anticipate as the first action? Replacement of the catheter Removal of the catheter A short course of antibiotic therapy A 10- to 14-day course of antibiotic therapy
"Vesicoureteral reflux involves backflow of urine from the bladder back into your kidneys." Vesicoureteral reflux is a condition in which urine moves from the bladder back toward the kidney. It is seen in adults when bladder outflow is obstructed and is a common risk factor in children who develop pyelonephritis. Hydronephrosis is an accumulation of urine in the renal pelvis as a result of obstructed outflow. Vesicoureteral reflux is not a result of the patient not voluntarily emptying their bladder. Bladder spasms do not cause irritation of the bladder mucosa.
The nurse caring for a patient with a history of urinary tract infections (UTIs) states that vesicoureteral reflux is suspected as the causative factor. Which statement by the nurse further explains this? "Vesicoureteral reflux involves backflow of urine from the bladder back into your kidneys." "Vesicoureteral reflux is a condition where bladder spasms cause irritation of the lining of your bladder." "Vesicoureteral reflux results because you do not voluntarily completely empty your bladder." "Vesicoureteral reflux is a result of an accumulation of urine that has flowed back into your kidneys."
Order for a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity The nurse can anticipate an order for a urine specimen for a culture and sensitivity to identify the infecting organism before antibiotics are started. An analgesic can be given if needed, but treatment of the infection is a priority. A CBC with a differential can be obtained to examine the WBC count for changes typically associated with infection. IV antibiotics can be administered after the urine sample for a culture and sensitivity has been obtained.
The nurse has admitted a client to the unit for treatment of acute pyelonephritis. Which collaborative intervention does the nurse anticipate initiating as a priority? Administration of intravenous (IV) antibiotics Administration of an analgesic Order for a complete blood count (CBC) with a differential Order for a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity
"The medication will decrease the inflammation and reduce the irritation you are feeling." A urinary analgesic will help decrease inflammation and irritation associated with a UTI. Urinary analgesics are not used to flush out bacteria, numb the bladder, or specifically decrease pain in the kidneys. It is important to relieve the patient's pain when possible because pain can stimulate a stress response and delay healing.
The nurse is administering a urinary analgesic for pain associated with a UTI. The patient asks the nurse, "How will this help my pain?" Which response by the nurse is accurate? "The medication will help flush out the bacteria causing the infection." "The medication will decrease the inflammation and reduce the irritation you are feeling." "The medication will decrease the pain in your kidneys." "The medication will cause numbness in the bladder so you will not feel pain."
"You should avoid alcoholic beverages, because its consumption has been linked to increased risk for UTIs." Alcohol consumption has been linked to increased risk for UTIs. The consumption of 2 glasses of low-sugar cranberry juice daily decreases the risk of UTIs. Artificial sweeteners are linked to UTIs. There are several dietary modifications that decrease the risk for UTIs.
The nurse is caring for a 20-year-old who has had several recent urinary tract infections (UTIs). The patient states, "I would like to talk about nutritional options to help prevent urinary tract infections." Which statement by the nurse provides the patient with evidence-based information? "Cranberry juice should be avoided, because it has not been proven to reduce UTIs." "You should avoid foods high in sugar; they are a causative factor for UTIs." "You should avoid alcoholic beverages, because its consumption has been linked to increased risk for UTIs." "Research does not support the restriction of food related to the decreased incidence of UTIs."
Flank pain Burning sensation on urination Abdominal pain Assessment findings that support the diagnosis of a UTI include abdominal pain, flank pain, and a burning sensation when urinating. Cloudy, dark, foul-smelling urine is also expected with a UTI. Hyperthermia (fever), not hypothermia, supports the diagnosis of a UTI.
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which assessment finding supports this diagnosis? (Select all that apply.) Flank pain Burning sensation on urination Hypothermia Abdominal pain Clear urine
Increase in fluid intake Increasing fluid intake will dilute the urine, reducing irritation of the inflamed bladder and urethral mucosa. Sitz baths, warm packs, and heating pads, not cold compresses are used to relax the muscles, relieve spasms, and increase the local blood supply. The perineum should be kept clean and dry, but cleaning it with antiseptic wipes can cause perianal irritation. Undergarments should contain cotton. Synthetic fibers irritate perineal tissues and promote bacterial growth.
The nurse is caring for a client experiencing pain related to a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which intervention should the nurse initiate to address the client's discomfort? Increase in fluid intake Application of cold compresses Avoidance of contact with undergarments made of cotton Cleansing of the urinary meatus with antiseptic wipes
Consider an alternative to an indwelling catheter. The alternative to an indwelling catheter is to use intermittent straight catheterization to relieve urinary retention. Using intermittent straight catheterization allows the bladder to fill and completely empty more normally, maintaining physiologic function. Obtaining a urine sample for a urinalysis will not address the problem of urinary retention. Reviewing the criteria for catheter insertion is a preventive CAUTI measure, but urinary retention is one of the criteria for urinary catheterization. Initiating an antibiotic before inserting a catheter is unnecessary and contributes to the development of antibiotic-resistant organisms.
The nurse is caring for a client experiencing urinary retention. Which preventive catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) measure should the nurse take to protect the client from a urinary tract infection (UTI)? Obtain a urine sample for a urinalysis. Initiate an antibiotic before inserting a catheter. Consider an alternative to an indwelling catheter. Review the criteria for catheter insertion.
Using aseptic technique when inserting the straight catheter Using aseptic technique when inserting the catheter minimizes the risk of a bacterial infection. Maintaining a closed drainage system, inflating the balloon, and maintaining gravity flow are principles for preventing infection when using an indwelling catheter.
The nurse is caring for a client who requires intermittent straight catheterization for impaired urinary elimination. Which nursing intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care to help prevent a urinary tract infection (UTI)? Maintaining gravity flow to prevent urine reflux Using aseptic technique when inserting the straight catheter Maintaining a closed drainage system Inflating the balloon when it is in the bladder
Intravenous pyelography Intravenous pyelography is used to detect structural and functional abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux. Cystoscopy provides direct visualization of the urethra and bladder. Renal ultrasound is used to detect pyelonephritis. Voiding cystourethrography is utilized to assess structural and functional abnormalities of the bladder and urethra.
The nurse is caring for a client with chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs) suspected of having a vesicoureteral reflux. Which collaborative intervention should the nurse anticipate? Renal ultrasound Cystoscopy Intravenous pyelography Voiding cystourethrography
Vomiting Fever Flank pain Clinical manifestations that occur with pyelonephritis include fever, vomiting, and flank pain. Enuresis and dysuria occur with cystitis.
The nurse is caring for a client with pyelonephritis. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse assess in the client? (Select all that apply.) Vomiting Fever Dysuria Flank pain Enuresis
Measuring intake and output The patient experiencing the nursing diagnosis of impaired urinary elimination would benefit most from the nurse measuring intake and output. Monitoring elimination provides information on the patient's fluid status and renal function. Balancing rest with activity, analgesics, and warm sitz baths are interventions for pain.
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with a urinary tract infection as a result of impaired urinary elimination. Which nursing intervention is appropriate for a patient with the nursing diagnosis of impaired urinary elimination? Measuring intake and output Recommending warm sitz baths Administering analgesics Balancing rest with activity
"An infection of the kidney that is caused by bacteria." Pyelonephritis occurs due to an inflammation of the pelvis and parenchyma of the kidney. Acute pyelonephritis is caused by a bacterial infection. Scarring of the renal tubes, shrinking of the renal tubes resulting in the reduction of urine flow, and decreased renal profusion related to changes in microscopic blood vessels are a result of other types of infections of the kidney.
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis. The patient asks, "What exactly is this?" Which statement by the nurse is accurate? "A decrease in renal perfusion from changes in microscopic blood vessels." "An infection of the kidney that is caused by bacteria." "Inflammation of the ascending infection caused by the shrinking of the renal tubules." "Scarring of the renal tubules that occurs from prolonged inflammatory response."
Cystitis The combination of abdominal or suprapubic pain and dysuria are symptoms of cystitis. Clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis include chills and fever, malaise, vomiting, flank pain, costovertebral tenderness, and urinary frequency; symptoms of cystitis also may be present. Clinical manifestations of epididymitis and prostatitis include perineal, sacral, or scrotal pain and tenderness; difficulty voiding; and fever.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has abdominal pain and painful urination. Which diagnosis should the nurse suspect based on these symptoms? Epididymitis Cystitis Pyelonephritis Prostatitis
Urine culture and sensitivity The patient suspected of having a urinary tract infection will have a urine culture and sensitivity ordered to determine the best course of pharmacologic treatment. Urine culture and sensitivity tests identify the infective organism and the most effective antibiotic for treatment. A pelvic examination is useful to assess structural changes of the urinary tract. An intravenous pyelogram is used to evaluate the structure and excretory function of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. A cystoscopy is used to provide direct visualization of the bladder through a cystoscope.
The nurse is caring for a patient who presents with symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which collaborative intervention should the nurse anticipate to determine appropriate treatment? Urine culture and sensitivity Cystoscopy Pelvic examination Intravenous pyelography
"Empty the bladder completely." The postpartum woman is at an increased risk of developing urinary tract problems caused by normal postpartum diuresis, increased bladder capacity, and decreased bladder sensitivity from stretching or trauma. These factors make it essential for the mother to empty her bladder completely with each voiding. Fluid intake is important, but it is not related to the main cause of UTIs in the postpartum period. Peri pads should be changed every time the client voids, followed by perineal cleansing before placement of a new pad. Antiseptic solutions are not used on the perineum of a postpartum client.
The nurse is caring for a postpartum client. Which intervention is the most important for the nurse to integrate into the plan of care to prevent a urinary tract infection (UTI)? "Empty the bladder completely." "Increase fluid intake." "Change peri pads every 4 hours." "Use an antiseptic preparation after voiding."
The client will drink at least 1500 mL of fluid per day and void every 2-3 hours while awake. Increasing fluid intake and the frequency of voiding each day flushes the bacteria from the urinary tract. The goal for completing the course of antibiotics is to eradicate the infectious organism. Although antiseptic solutions may be ordered for catheter care, they can dry perineal tissues and reduce normal flora, increasing the risk of colonization by pathogens. These solutions should not be used routinely. Women should cleanse the perineal area from front to back after voiding and defecating to prevent the transfer of gastrointestinal bacteria to the urethra.
The nurse is creating a plan of care for a client with pyelonephritis. Which outcome reflects the client's ability to decrease the severity of the bacteria in the urinary tract? The client will complete the course of antibiotics. The client will drink at least 1500 mL of fluid per day and void every 2dash-3 hours while awake. The client will use antiseptic spray regularly on the perineal area. The client will wipe from back to front after voiding and defecating.
Urinalysis Urinalysis is used to evaluate the treatment of a UTI. A urinalysis is used to provide more accurate information than a sensory exam of the urine. Completion of the antibiotic is not an indicator that the infecting organism has been effectively treated. Not all patients with UTIs have fever.
The nurse is evaluating a patient who has completed an antibiotic regimen for a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which assessment will determine effective treatment? Completion of antibiotic Patient being afebrile Urinalysis Observation of urine
Percuss for costovertebral tenderness. Costovertebral tenderness is an assessment used to help diagnose kidney pathology. A patient with pyelonephritis will have tenderness in the area of percussion and palpation. A urinary tract infection (UTI) is associated with suprapubic tenderness. A urinalysis is a laboratory test that can be utilized with physical assessment findings to confirm the presence of pyuria, bacteria, and blood cells in the urine. The shape and contour of the abdomen is not an indicator of pyelonephritis.
The nurse is preparing to perform a physical examination on a patient suspected to have pyelonephritis. Which physical assessment should the nurse perform? Palpate for suprapubic tenderness. Examine the shape and contour of the abdomen. Percuss for costovertebral tenderness. Obtain a urinalysis.
Ensure the child is voiding every 3-4 hours each day. Children typically void 5-6 times a day. Infrequent voiding, which is common in school-age children, results in incomplete emptying of the bladder and urinary stasis. Voluntarily suppressing the desire to urinate is a predisposing factor, because retention overdistends the bladder and can lead to an infection. The symptoms of infection depend on the location and the patient's age. A child with a UTI may not present with dysuria. Avoiding bubble baths helps maintain the integrity of the perineum and prevents UTIs. It is not necessary for a child to wash the hands prior to going to the bathroom.
The nurse is providing discharge instructions to the parents of a female child diagnosed with a UTI. Which information is most important for the nurse to include in the teaching to prevent future UTIs? Give the child a bubble bath every day. Ensure the child is voiding every 3-4 hours each day. Notify the provider if the child experiences discomfort during urination. Teach the child to wash the hands before and after using the bathroom.
"It is important to follow this schedule for your antibiotics." Help the client to develop a plan to take their antibiotic medications so they do not miss doses. Missed doses of antibiotics may cause a subtherapeutic medication blood level, which can reduce effectiveness. The client should follow up with the healthcare provider 7-14 days after completion of the antibiotic therapy to ensure there is complete eradication of the bacteria. Aseptic technique is not used for perineal care; it is used for clients who have an intermittent catheter or an indwelling catheter. Urinary analgesics are only taken if needed; it is not necessary to complete the course of analgesics.
The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which instruction should the nurse include? "Be sure to complete the full course of urinary analgesics." "It is important to follow this schedule for your antibiotics." "We recommend that you use aseptic technique when cleansing the perineum." "You do not need to make a follow-up appointment."
"I will limit my caffeine to 1 cup of coffee a day." The statement that indicates the patient's need for further teaching is, "I will limit my caffeine to one cup of coffee a day." The patient should avoid all caffeinated beverages such as coffee, tea, and colas. A fluid intake of at least 2 liters per day is recommended to flush out the bacteria in the urinary tract. Cranberry juice that is low in sugar helps maintain the acidity in the urine to prevent the growth of bacteria. Vitamin C is recommended in the prevention of urinary tract infections.
The nurse is providing nutritional discharge instructions for a patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which patient statement indicates the need for further teaching? "I will increase my intake of vitamin C." "I will limit my caffeine to 1 cup of coffee a day." "I will make sure the cranberry juice I am drinking is low in sugar." "I will make sure that I drink at least 2 liters of fluid a day."
"I have been vomiting for the last few days." The subjective finding related to pyelonephritis is, "I have been vomiting for the last few days." Clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis include vomiting. Urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, and enuria are clinical findings in a patient with a lower urinary tract infection (UTI). Pyelonephritis is an upper UTI.
The nurse is reviewing the chart of a patient diagnosed with pyelonephritis. Which subjective statement should the nurse anticipate from the patient related to the pathophysiological changes of pyelonephritis? "I feel like I need to urinate constantly." "It burns when I urinate." "I woke up and realized I'd accidentally wet the bed." "I have been vomiting for the last few days."
"Avoid bubble baths." The information the nurse should include in the teaching about preventing UTIs is to avoid bubble baths. Avoiding bubble baths helps to maintain the integrity of the perineum. Clients should void and wash the perineum before and after intercourse. The bladder should be emptied every 3-4 hours.
The nurse is teaching a female client about the prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which information should the nurse include? "Empty the bladder every 2 hours." "Avoid bubble baths." "Wash the perineum after intercourse." "Void after intercourse."
"I will avoid giving my child citrus juices to drink." Avoiding citrus juices is recommended for the prevention of UTI. It is unnecessary to redo the toilet training of a child. A toilet trained child may regress during the illness, but it should be considered a temporary situation. Avoiding excess dairy products is a recommendation to prevent UTIs; however, the child's nutritional needs still need to be met. Transitioning the child to soy milk may not provide the nutritional requirements of the child. Antiseptic solutions are used for catheter care, and their use on the perineal tissue can cause irritation. Cleansing with nonsterile gauze moistened with tap water and mild soap is as effective as using a prepackaged sterile towelette and is gentler on the mucous membranes.
The nurse is teaching a parent preventive measures for decreasing the risk of urinary tract infections in their child. Which statement by the parent demonstrates an understanding of the preventive teaching? "I will have to redo the toilet training of my child after this to prevent another infection." "I will use soy milk instead of dairy milk to prevent future UTIs." "I will avoid giving my child citrus juices to drink." "I will use an antiseptic disposable wipe to cleanse my child after a bathroom visit to avoid future UTIs."
"Encourage the child to void five to six times a day." The information the nurse can include in the teaching to prevent UTIs in children is to encourage them to void five to six times a day. Infrequent voiding, which is common in school-age children, results in incomplete emptying of the bladder and urinary stasis, both of which are factors in the development of UTIs. Dairy is associated with an increased risk of UTIs, but it is not the major contributing factor for UTIs in children. Juices and sugar substitutes in drinks are associated with UTIs.
The nurse is teaching parents of school-age children practices that should decrease the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which information should the nurse include? "Encourage juices to increase the acidity of the child's urine." "Avoid large amounts of dairy in the child's diet." "Encourage the child to void five to six times a day." "Provide drinks with sugar substitutes when possible."
Cleanse the perineal area front to back. The incidence of UTIs in toddlers and children is higher among girls than boys because the shorter female urethra has a closer proximity to the anus and vagina, increasing the risk of contamination by fecal bacteria. When cleansing the perineal area, it is important to wipe from front to back to prevent the transfer of gastrointestinal bacteria to the urethra. Adequate fluids should be provided to prevent dehydration. Two daily cups of low-sugar cranberry juice and increased vitamin C is recommended to prevent UTIs in adults.
The nurse is teaching the parents of an 18-month-old female toddler with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which should be included in the teaching to prevent the future risk of a UTI? Cleanse the perineal area front to back. Provide the child with a daily cup of low-sugar cranberry juice. Increase the child's fluid intake. Increase the child's intake of vitamin C.
The importance of not ignoring the urge to eliminate It is important to remind the nursing staff that they should not ignore the urge to void because doing so increases the risk of UTI. The staff would be reminded to decrease caffeinated beverages, increase fluid consumption, and add cranberry juice to their fluid regimen as ways of decreasing UTIs.
The nurse manager is planning a presentation for the staff nurses regarding urinary health after several members of the staff have recently been diagnosed with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which topic is appropriate for the nurse manager to include in the presentation? The importance of not ignoring the urge to eliminate The importance of avoiding cranberry juice because it is a cause of UTI The importance of decreasing fluid consumption during the nursing shift to decrease the need to void The importance of increasing the number of caffeinated beverages while working
The most effective antibiotic needs to be identified. The purpose of a culture and sensitivity is to identify the infecting organism and the most effective antibiotic. A Gram stain of the urine is used to identify the infecting organism by shape and characteristic (gram-positive or gram-negative). The evaluation of the amount of bacterial growth is not a purpose of a culture and sensitivity. A urine culture and sensitivity cannot distinguish between a lower or upper UTI.
The nurse obtains a urine culture and sensitivity for a patient whose symptoms of pyelonephritis have worsened. The patient states, "I don't understand why I have to have more testing—why did they put me on an antibiotic that is not working?" The nurse should base a response on which factor? The characteristic of the organism needs to be identified. The location of the UTI needs to be confirmed. The most effective antibiotic needs to be identified. The amount of bacterial growth needs to be reevaluated.
"The catheter should be removed when the patient is ready to void without assistance." The statement made by the new nurse that indicates an understanding of the care guidelines to prevent CAUTI is, "I will remove the catheter when the patient is ready to void without assistance." Prevention of CAUTI includes timely removal, care, and maintenance of the catheter. Pericare should not be delayed until the patient can ambulate, and it is not necessary to ambulate to the bathroom to void. Part of the CAUTI care guidelines include considering alternatives to a urinary catheter. Waiting for an order does not reflect patient advocacy and delays the removal of the catheter, increasing the patient's risk for CAUTI.
The nurse reviewed CAUTI guidelines. Which statement demonstrates the nurse's understanding? "The pericare should be scheduled to be completed prior to the patient's ambulating." "The catheter should be removed as soon as the patient can ambulate to the bathroom." "The catheter should be removed when the patient is ready to void without assistance." "The catheter should be removed as soon as the order is received."
"Incomplete bladder emptying results from pressure of the fetus." The risk for UTI increases during pregnancy, particularly during the second trimester, secondary to the pressure of the fetus, which causes urinary stasis and incomplete bladder emptying. The hormonal changes in pregnancy relax the smooth muscle, but are not associated with urinary stasis. UTIs are associated with an increased risk for preeclampsia. The stretching of the uterus does not interfere with the sensation to void.
Which statement demonstrates the nurse's understanding of the physiological changes that place the obstetrical patient at risk for urinary tract infection (UTI)? "Urinary stasis occurs due to the hormonal changes during pregnancy." "The stretching of the uterus causes a decreased sensation to urinate." "Preeclampsia is a risk factor for UTI." "Incomplete bladder emptying results from pressure of the fetus."
Proper nutrition Adequate fluid consumption Good hygiene methods Home care teaching for a client with a UTI includes information about good hygiene methods, proper nutrition, and adequate fluid consumption. Increased fluids dilute the urine, reducing irritation of the inflamed bladder and urethral mucosa. Instruct women to cleanse the perineal area from front to back after voiding and defecating, to prevent the transfer of gastrointestinal bacteria to the urethra. Teach clients to void and wash the perineal area before and after sexual intercourse to flush out bacteria introduced into the urethra and bladder. Teach measures to maintain the integrity of perineal tissues, such as avoiding bubble baths, feminine hygiene sprays, and vaginal douches, and wearing cotton briefs rather than underwear made from synthetic materials. Frequent voiding (every 3dash- 4 hours) is encouraged.
Which topic is important to include in the home care teaching for a client with a urinary tract infection (UTI)? (Select all that apply.) Proper nutrition Adequate fluid consumption Voiding every 5 to 6 hours Good hygiene methods Wearing polyester underwear
