VAP 7.1-7.11 Axial skeleton

How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine? 1 12 5 7

12

The sella turcica is best described as: A hole An elevation A depression A projection

A depression The sella turcica is a depression in the central region of the sphenoid bone. It houses the pituitary gland.

Which of the following bones do not contain a sinus? A.) Nasal B.) Maxillary C.) Frontal D.) Sphenoid

A.) Nasal The sinuses surrounding the facial bones are known as "paranasal sinuses" because they surround the nasal bone

Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor? A.) Sphenoid B.) Temporal C.) Occipital D.) Ethmoid

A.) Sphenoid Bone- looks like a bat

Which of the following accurately describes the pterygoid processes? They are vertical projections that originate on either side of the sphenoidal body. They are attachment sites for muscles that rotate or extend the head. They are located near the base of the mastoid processes, and are attached to ligaments that support the hyoid bone and to the tendons of several muscles. They form part of the floor of the orbit.

A.) They are vertical projections that originate on either side of the sphenoidal body.

Which structural feature is the site of articulation between the skull and the first vertebra of the neck? mandibular fossa occipital condyle inferior and superior nuchal lines internal occipital crest

B.) Occipital condyle

Identify the major weight bearing part of a vertebra. Vertebral foramen Lamina Transverse process Body

Body The disk shaped bodies of vertebrae are stable and stackable. Most weight is distributed in this region.

Which of the following bones is unpaired? A.) Zygomatic B.) Parietal C.) Frontal D.) Temporal

C.) Frontal

Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium? A.) Occipital bone B.) Ethmoid bone C.) Lacrimal bone D.) Sphenoid bone

C.) Lacrimal bone The lacrimal bone is a facial bone by the orbitals

Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones. A.) Lamdoidal suture B.) Coronal suture C.) Sagittal suture D.) Squamosal suture

C.) Sagittal suture connects the 2 parietal bones (it runs along the midsaggital plane)

The nasal conchae A.) attach muscles that move the eyelids. B.)contain the nerves for olfaction. C.)create turbulence in the nasal passageways. D.) protect the pituitary gland. E.) attach muscles that move the eye.

C.) create turbulence in the nasal passageways

Identify the secondary spinal curves. cervical and thoracic lumbar and sacral cervical and lumbar thoracic and sacral

Cervical, and lumbar

Which of the following is not part of the axial division of the skeletal system? skull A.) auditory ossicles B.) vertebral column C.) hyoid bone D.) pectoral girdle

D.) Pectoral Girdle

The styloid process, zygomatic process, and auditory ossicles are associated with the The styloid process, zygomatic process, and auditory ossicles are associated with the parietal bone. sphenoid. ulna. occipital bone. temporal bone.

D.) Temporal

Identify the articulation site for the head of a rib. Lamina Transverse costal facet Pedicle Demi-facet

Demi Facets The demi-facets are located on the lateral posterior regions of the bodies of the thoracic vertebral. Together, the superior demi-facet of one vertebra and the inferior demi-facet of the neighboring vertebra create a facet where the head of a rib articulates with the vertebral column.

At a suture, bones are tied firmly together with epithelial tissue. neural tissue. loose fibrous connective tissue. dense fibrous connective tissue. muscle tissue

Dense fibrous connective tissue

Identify the location of the sphenoid bone. Floor of the skull Lateral walls of the nasal cavity Face Anterior portion of the cranium

Floor of the skull

________ are non-ossified fibrous attachments between cranial bones. Fontanelles Sella turcicae Cribriform plates Zygomatic processes Sutures

Fontanelles

Which of the following foramen convey a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)? Foramen spinosum Foramen lacerum Foramen rotundum Optic foramen

Foramen rotundum The foramen rotundum and the foramen ovale serve as passageways for branches of the trigeminal nerve.

Which of the following structures help(s) support the larynx and is/are attached to muscles that move the tongue? lesser horns of the hyoid bone mandibular foramen greater horns of the hyoid bone mylohyoid line

Greater horns of the hyoid bones

Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it. Inferior articular processes Superior articular processes Transverse processes Spinous process

Inferior articular processes The inferior articular processes contact the superior articular process of the vertebra below it, forming a moveable synovial joint.

Identify the small hole on the maxillary bone located below the orbit. Palatine process Maxillary sinus Infraorbital foramen Inferior orbital fissure

Infraorbital foramen The conspicuous infraorbital foramen is located below the orbit on the maxillary bone, as its name indicates.

Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen? Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen? Spinal nerve roots Dura mater Intervertebral discs Spinal cord

Intervertebral disks The intervertebral discs are located in between the vertebral bodies. They form a symphysis with the bodies and act as a shock absorber.

Regarding the vertebral arch, what is the significance of the lamina? It is a site of muscle attachment and may also articulate with the ribs. It forms the "roof" of the vertebral foramen. It transfers weight along the axis of the vertebral column. It articulates with the inferior articular processes of a more superior vertebra.

It forms the "roof" of the vertebral foramen

Marking the location of the lacrimal gland, which structure is a shallow depression in the frontal bone? infra-orbital foramen lacrimal sulcus lacrimal fossa nasolacrimal canal

Lacrimal fossa

Which nasal complex structure is paired with the correct description? Sphenoidal sinuses - Extremely small in size and located on either side of the body of the sphenoid, superior to the sella turcica Frontal sinuses - Always extremely large in size and variable in time of appearance Maxillary sinuses - Largest of the sinuses, and produce mucous secretions that flush the inferior surfaces of the nasal cavities Ethmoidal air cells - A network of cells whose mucous secretions flush the surfaces of the nasolacrimal canal

Maxillary sinuses - Largest of the sinuses, and produce mucous secretions that flush the inferior surfaces of the nasal cavities

Which surface of the maxillary bones fuse together? Lateral Medial Inferior Superior

Medial The medial surfaces of the right and left maxillary bones fuse together to form the upper jaw. The upper jaw is referred to as the maxilla.

Which of the following locations is not formed by part of the maxillae? Nasal septum Upper jaw Hard palate Orbit

Nasal septum The nasal septum is formed by the vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. The maxillary bone, although close in proximity, does not contribute to the structure of the nasal septum.

Identify the region of the sphenoid bone in contact with the pituitary gland. Identify the region of the sphenoid bone in contact with the pituitary gland. Cribriform plate Lesser wings Greater wings Sella turcica

Sella turcica The sella turcica is a central depression that houses the pituitary gland.

Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively? Superiorly: lumbar and inferiorly: cervical Superiorly: lumbar and inferiorly: coccyx Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: sacrum

Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar

Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest? T7 T5 T1 T12

T12 There are 12 thoracic vertebrae. The size of the individual vertebrae increase from the top of the column to the bottom, therefore the last thoracic vertebra, T12, would be the largest.

.Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib. Superior articular facet Inferior articular facet Transverse costal facet Demi-facet

Transverse costal facet The transverse costal facet is a slight depression found on the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra. It contacts the tubercle of a rib as the rib extends laterally.

The sphenoid bone contains a sinus. True False

True Correct. The sphenoid bone contains the paired sphenoidal sinuses.

Each thoracic vertebra has: a slender costal process that extends anterolaterally from either side of the vertebral body. a long, slender spinous process that projects posteriorly and inferiorly. a considerably smaller vertebral foramen that is triangular in shape. a thick, oval-shaped body.

a long, slender spinous process that projects posteriorly and inferiorly.

Identify the region of the sphenoid bone that contains the optic canal. Cribriform plate Sella turcica Lesser wings Greater wings

lesser wings The optic canals are passageways found in the lesser wings. They serve as a passageway for the optic nerve running from the eyeball to the optic chiasma.

The anterior fontanelle: is located on each side of the cranium, at the junction between the squamous suture and the coronal suture. lies at the intersection of the frontal, sagittal, and coronal sutures. lies at the junction between the squamous suture and the lambdoid suture. is located at the junction between the lambdoid and sagittal sutures

lies at the intersection of the frontal, sagittal, and coronal sutures.

Which part of the maxillary bones form the roof of the mouth? Alveolar margins Palatine processes Frontal processes Palatine bones

palatine processes The palatine processes of the maxillary bones fuse on midline at the intermaxillary suture, forming the anterior portion of the hard palate (roof of the mouth).

Identify the posterior most region of the hard palate. Palatine process Vomer Sphenoid Palatine bone

palentine bone The horizontal plates of the palatine bones articulate with the palatine processes of the maxillary bones. The palatine bones form the posterior one-third of the hard palate.

Name the vertebral projection found in a median plane. Superior articular process Inferior articular process Spinous process Transverse process

spinous process The spinous process extends posteriorly in a median plane. It serves as a site of muscle and ligament attachment.

Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra. Spinous process Transverse process Lamina Superior articular process

trasverse process The transverse processes of a vertebra project laterally from the junction of the lamina and pedicle.