Vascular

All of the following conditions could cause vasculogenic impotence EXCEPT: A. Circumflex artery stenosis B. Common iliac artery occlusion C. Internal iliac artery stenosis D. Aortic occlusion

A. Circumflex artery stenosis

All of the following are characteristics of claudication EXCEPT: A. Pain in muscle during exercise B. Pain that usually subsides after rest C. Always vascular in origin D. Discomfort usually predictable

C. Always vascular in origin

The innominate artery is a branch of the: A. Subclavian artery B. Common carotid artery C. Aortic arch D. Brachiocephalic artery

C. Aortic arch

The deep veins of the upper extremity include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Radial B. Ulnar C. Cephalic D. Subclavian

C. Cephalic

In venous duplex scanning, some deep veins that may be difficult or impossible to assess for complete compressibility include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Subclavian B. lliac C. Common femoral in groin D. Superficial femoral in mid thigh

C. Common femoral in groin

The most important differential diagnostic parameter for pseudo-aneurysm is: A. Presence of thrombus B. Swirling, turning blood flow C. Communication tract between artery and aneurysm D. Flow where there should not be flow

C. Communication tract between artery and aneurysm

The following are characteristic of an abnormal plethysmographic waveform EXCEPT: A. Slow upstroke B. Rounded peak C. Dicrotic notch (reflected wave) present D. Prolonged downslope

C. Dicrotic notch (reflected wave) present

A continuous wave venous Doppler exam can be falsely negative for all but ONE of the following reasons: A. A partial thrombosis B. A bifed system C. Extrinsic compression D. Collateralization

C. Extrinsic compression

The following descriptions are true for the normal portal vein EXCEPT: A. It is formed by the confluence of the splenic vein and superior mesen-teric veins. B. Flow is phasic and continuous. C. Flow is hepatofugal. D. Flow is hepatopetal. E. B and C

C. Flow is hepatofugal.

Balloon angioplasty is more commonly used in all of the following arteries EXCEPT: A. Femoral artery B. Popliteal artery C. Gastrocnemius artery D. Iliac artery

C. Gastrocnemius artery

In venous duplex scanning, the preferred method for evaluating vein wall compressibility is: A. Gentle pressure with the probe, vessel in sagittal view B. Heavy pressure with the probe, vessel in sagittal view C. Gentle pressure with the probe, vessel in transverse view D. Heavy pressure with the probe, vessel in transverse view

C. Gentle pressure with the probe, vessel in transverse view

The following vessel is NOT a deep vein of the lower extremity: A. Superficial femoral B. Profunda femoris C. Greater saphenous D. Anterior tibial

C. Greater saphenous

All of the following cause vasodilatation of a high-resistance bed EXCEPT: A. Body heating B. Exercise C. Hyperventilation D. Stenosis

C. Hyperventilation

Patient presents with crampy, dull abdominal pain immediately after meals. If a noninvasive vascular test is ordered, the following vessel would be evaluated: A. Hypogastric artery B. Superior mesenteric artery C. Gastric artery D. Hepatic artery

B. Superior mesenteric artery

One difference between continuous wave (CW) and pulsed Doppler is: A. A CW Doppler cannot differentiate bidirectional from unidirectional flow. B. Spectral analysis cannot be performed with a CW Doppler. C. A CW Doppler cannot sample flow at a discrete point. D. Analog waveforms cannot be obtained from a CW Doppler.

C. A CW Doppler cannot sample flow at a discrete point.

Two hundred (200) patients were examined by carotid duplex ultrasonography and cerebral angiography. Of these, 300 internal carotid arteries (ICAs) were correctly identified as being within normal limits, 80 ICAs were correctly identified as having hemodynamically significant stenoses, 15 ICAs were incorrectly considered to have significant stenoses by ultrasound, and 5 ICAs were incorrectly considered to be within normal limits by ultrasound. Q: Specificity is calculated as follows: A. 305/300 B. 380/400 C. 300/315 D. 80/95

C. 300/315

A 75% area reduction equates to a: A. 70% diameter reduction B. 75% diameter reduction C. 50% diameter reduction D. 37.5% diameter reduction

C. 50% diameter reduction

Two hundred (200) patients were examined by carotid duplex ultrasonography and cerebral angiography. Of these, 300 internal carotid arteries (ICAs) were correctly identified as being within normal limits, 80 ICAs were correctly identified as having hemodynamically significant stenoses, 15 ICAs were incorrectly considered to have significant stenoses by ultrasound, and 5 ICAs were incorrectly considered to be within normal limits by ultrasound. Q: The positive predictive value is calculated as follows: A. 80/85 B. 5/15 C. 80/95 D. 380/400

C. 80/95

A carotid duplex study documents an occlusion of the right internal carotid artery (ICA). TCD detects antegrade flow in the ipsilateral anterior cerebral artery (ACA). The most likely source of blood flow in the ACA is: A. Crossover collateralization through the contralateral ICA B. Internal-to-internal collateralization through the ipsilateral ICA C. Intracranial collateralization through the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery D. Posterior-to-posterior collateralization through the ipsilateral posterior cerebral artery

A. Crossover collateralization through the contralateral ICA

In the cervical carotid, the internal carotid artery (ICA) can be differentiated from the external carotid artery (ECA) by all of the following EXCEPT: A. The ICA has only one branch. B. The ECA has multiple branches. C. The ICA has a bulbous area at its origin. D. The ECA is usually the smaller of the two vessels.

A. The ICA has only one branch.

Two hundred (200) patients were examined by carotid duplex ultrasonography and cerebral angiography. Of these, 300 internal carotid arteries (ICAs) were correctly identified as being within normal limits, 80 ICAs were correctly identified as having hemodynamically significant stenoses, 15 ICAs were incorrectly considered to have significant stenoses by ultrasound, and 5 ICAs were incorrectly considered to be within normal limits by ultrasound. Q: The negative predictive value is calculated as follows: A. 300/315 B. 300/305 C. 380/400 D. 85/95

B. 300/305

Cerebral angiography is performed to evaluate a preocclusive lesion in the right internal carotid artery. The residual lumen is 2 mm. The "normal" lumen is considered to be 9 mm. The diameter reduction iS: A. 98% B. 78% C. 70% D. 22%

B. 78%

The toe pressure should be this percentage of the ankle pressure: A. 90% B. 80% C. 50% D. 40%

B. 80%

While evaluating the internal jugular vein during an upper extremity venous duplex exam, the examiner notes that the internal jugular vein fully coapts, has reduced pulsatility, and exhibits rouleau formation on B-mode. These findings are most consistent with: A. Within normal limits B. A more proximal obstruction C. Acute deep venous thrombosis of the internal jugular vein D. Congestive heart failure

B. A more proximal obstruction

In a TCD exam, the normal direction of blood flow in the middle cerebral artery Is: A. Bidirectional B. Antegrade C. Retrograde D. Antegrade in dominant hemisphere, retrograde in nondominant hemisphere

B. Antegrade

The circle of Wilis is composed of all of the following arteries EXCEPT; A. Anterior communicating artery B. Anterior choroidal arteries C. Posterior cerebral arteries D. Distal internal carotid arteries

B. Anterior choroidal arteries

This are passes forvard above the interosseous membrane and asa, comes to lie on the front of the tibia: A. Posterior tibial artery B. Anterior tibial artery C. Peroneal artery D. Gastrocnemius artery

B. Anterior tibial artery

One of the folowing arteries normaly has a lower pulse amplitude than the others: A. Iliac artery B. Aorta C. Popliteal artery D. Femoral artery

B. Aorta

Bernoulli's principle explains which phenomenon of the carotid bulb: A. Areas of laminar flow B. Areas of flow separation C. Decreased flow with increased viscosity D. Increased flow through a stenosis

B. Areas of flow separation

Plethysmography monitors changes in limb volume and displays a volume increase as a positive deflection/upstroke and a volume decrease as a return to the baseline/downstroke. When monitoring the arterial flow in an extremity, what does the upstroke of the waveform represent? A. Arterial inflow exceeds venous inflow. B. Arterial inflow exceeds venous outflow. C. Arterial inflow equals venous outflow. D. Arterial outflow exceeds venous inflow.

B. Arterial inflow exceeds venous outflow.

in venous duplex scanning, acute DVT has all of the following charac- teristics EXCEPT: A. Dilated vessel B. Brightly echogenic C. Poor attachment to wall D. Spongy texture

B. Brightly echogenic

A deep venous thrombosis must be diagnosed and treated to avoid all of the following complications EXCEPT: A. Pulmonary embolism B. Congestive heart failure C. Venous insufficiency D. Venous hypertension

B. Congestive heart failure

Exercise induces peripheral vasodilatation in the microcriculation which (select one): A. Increases the distal peripheral resistance B. Decreases the distal peripheral resistance C. Decreases blood flow D. Is not influenced by sympathetic innervation

B. Decreases the distal peripheral resistance

The deep and superficial venous systems are connected at all of the following sites EXCEPT: A. The groin: saphenofemoral junction B. Distal thigh: gastrocnemius-femoral junction C. The popliteal fossa: saphenopopliteal junction D. The medial ankle: perforators

B. Distal thigh: gastrocnemius-femoral junction

The three branches of the aortic arch are: A. Right subclavian, right common carotid, left common carotid B. Left common carotid, left subclavian, innominate C. Right common carotid, left common carotid, left subclavian D. Right subclavian, left common carotid, left subclavian

B. Left common carotid, left subclavian, innominate

The most important function of the soleal veins of the lower leg is: A. To divert blood into superficial veins B. To divert blood into deep veins C. To serve as a temporary reservoir D. To maintain unidirectional blood flow

C. To serve as a temporary reservoir

In transverse view, color flow imaging shows no filling of the popliteal vein. All of the following commonly occurring factors must be considered EXCEPT: A. Deep venous thrombosis B. Poor angle of insonation C. High-pass filter set too high D. Arterial shadowing

D. Arterial shadowing

In a carotid duplex exam, a stenosis may be overestimated for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A. Accelerated flow may be compensatory for contralateral disease. B. Disturbed flow may be from tortuous vessel. C. Artifact is mistaken for plaque. D. Calcification enhances the apparent degree of stenosis.

D. Calcification enhances the apparent degree of stenosis.

An ABI of 0.65 places the patient into this catagory: A. Asymptomatic B. Rest pain C. Severe arterial disease D. Claudication

D. Claudication

All of the following can apply to a high-resistance signal EXCEPT. A. Triphasic pattern B. Pulsatile C. Reverse component D. Continuous E. Biphasic

D. Continuous

The major branches of the ophthalmic artery that exit the orbit include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Supraorbital B. Frontal C. Nasal D. Infraorbital

D. Infraorbital

The external iliac passes underneath this structure, & it becomes the common femoral artery (CFA): A. Psoas muscle B. Adductor canal C. Gastrocnemius muscle D. Inguinal ligament

D. Inguinal ligament

The return of venous flow from the lower extremities to the heart is assisted by all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT: A. Venous valves B. Calf muscle pump (the so-called "venous heart") C. Expiration D. Inspiration

D. Inspiration

During a periorbital exam, flow diminishes in the left frontal artery when the left superficial temporal artery is compressed, meaning: A. It is a normal finding. B. It documents left ECA stenosis. C. It represents right ICA stenosis. D. It signifies left ICA stenosis.

D. It signifies left ICA stenosis.

The following artery is NOT routinely evaluated in a TCD exam: A. Middle cerebral B. Anterior cerebral C. Posterior cerebral D. Posterior communicating

D. Posterior communicating

According to Bernoulli, what is NOT true about pressure/velocity relationships? A. Velocity and pressure are inversely related B. Pressure gradients are set up C. Pressure is lower at the region of stenosis D. Pressure is higher at the region of stenosis

D. Pressure is higher at the region of stenosis

For duplex ultrasonography, the criteria for determination of a 50-99% diameter reduction of the femoral artery is: A. PSV of 150 cm/sec B. Prestenotic monophasic signal C. Increased end diastolic velocity of more than 20% D. Ratio of stenotic to prestenotic PSV greater than 2:1

D. Ratio of stenotic to prestenotic PSV greater than 2:1

The optimal patient position for the evaluation of DVT with duplex scanning is: A. Supine with legs extended and at heart level B. Supine with legs extended and below heart level C. Supine, knees slightly flexed, and legs above heart level D. Supine, knees slightly flexed, and legs below heart level

D. Supine, knees slightly flexed, and legs below heart level

The carotid siphon is: A. The dilatation at the distal CCA just before the vessel bifurcates B. The bulbous area of the proximal ICA C. The curvature at the take-off of the posterior communicating artery D. The curve of the ICA near the take-off of the ophthalmic artery

D. The curve of the ICA near the take-off of the ophthalmic artery

How does the venous Doppler signal from the arm differ from that of the leg? A. Flow from the arm increases with inspiration while flow from the leg decreases. B. The subclavian veins may be pulsatile. C. The subclavian veins may have decreased augmentation. D. B and C E. All of the above

E. All of the above

When photoplethysmography (PPG) is used to evaluate venous insuf-ficiency, the criterion for determining incompetence of the greater saphenous vein is: A. A venous refill time (VRT) of > 20 seconds without tourniquet B. VRT of < 20 seconds without tourniquet, > 20 seconds with tourniquet below the knee, and < 20 seconds with tourniquet above the knee C. VRT < 20 seconds without tourniquet, > 20 seconds with the tourniquet above the knee, and > 20 seconds with the tourniquet below the knee D. VRT < 20 seconds with and without tourniquet applications

C. VRT < 20 seconds without tourniquet, > 20 seconds with the tourniquet above the knee, and > 20 seconds with the tourniquet below the knee

Two hundred (200) patients were examined by carotid duplex ultrasonography and cerebral angiography. Of these, 300 internal carotid arteries (ICAs) were correctly identified as being within normal limits, 80 ICAs were correctly identified as having hemodynamically significant stenoses, 15 ICAs were incorrectly considered to have significant stenoses by ultrasound, and 5 ICAs were incorrectly considered to be within normal limits by ultrasound. Q: The sensitivity of carotid duplex ultrasonography in this institution is calculated as follows: A. 80/95 B. 300/315 C. 300/305 D. 80/85

D. 80/85

Two hundred (200) patients were examined by carotid duplex ultrasonography and cerebral angiography. Of these, 300 internal carotid arteries (ICAs) were correctly identified as being within normal limits, 80 ICAs were correctly identified as having hemodynamically significant stenoses, 15 ICAs were incorrectly considered to have significant stenoses by ultrasound, and 5 ICAs were incorrectly considered to be within normal limits by ultrasound. Q: If sensitivity is 92%, specificity 89%, positive predictive value is 90%, and negative predictive value is 88%, the overall accuracy might be: A. 93% B. 92% C. 91% D. 90%

D. 90%

Two hundred (200) patients were examined by carotid duplex ultrasonography and cerebral angiography. Of these, 300 internal carotid arteries (ICAs) were correctly identified as being within normal limits, 80 ICAs were correctly identified as having hemodynamically significant stenoses, 15 ICAs were incorrectly considered to have significant stenoses by ultrasound, and 5 ICAs were incorrectly considered to be within normal limits by ultrasound. Q: The overall accuracy is calculated as follows: A. 380/400 B. 300/400 C. 315/400 D. 305/400

A. 380/400

The most important criterion for the correct identification of the deep veins IS: A. Adjacent artery B. Size of the vessel C. Depth of the vessel D. Course of the vessel

A. Adjacent artery

A symptom of a CVA is: A. Aphasia for 72 hours B. Vertigo for 48 hours C. Syncope for 36 hours D. Left amaurosis fugax for 12 hours

A. Aphasia for 72 hours

In a carotid duplex exam, the most frequent reason for underestimating the degree of stenosis is: A. Improper placement of the sample volume B. Low-level echoes from fresh thrombus C. Tangent lesions D. Fibromuscular dysplasia

A. Improper placement of the sample volume

Flow in the internal carotid artery flow differs from flow in the external carotid artery in the following way: A. Internal carotid artery has less peripheral resistance than external carotid artery. B. Internal carotid artery has more peripheral resistance than external carotid artery. C. Internal carotid artery has less accelerated flow than external carotid artery. D. Internal carotid artery has more accelerated flow than external carotid artery.

A. Internal carotid artery has less peripheral resistance than external carotid artery.

Heparin is administered to a patient with acute deep venous thrombosis for the following reason: A. It decreases propagation of the clot. B. It enhances clot lysis. C. It promotes collateral development. D. It decreases venous hypertension.

A. It decreases propagation of the clot.

The following vein(s) has valves: A. Jugular veins B. IVC C. Soleal veins D. Common iliac veins

A. Jugular veins

The Adson maneuver is often performed in the assessment of: A. The palmar arch B. Dialysis access grafts C. Thoracic outlet syndrome D. Carpal tunnel syndrome

C. Thoracic outlet syndrome

The cause of a right hemispheric infarction may be: A. Right ICA occlusion B. Right ECA stenosis C. Left ICA occlusion D. Left ECA stenosis

A. Right ICA occlusion

With an occluded right internal carotid artery, blood can still get to the right hemisphere by all of the following collateral pathways EXCEPT: A. Right external carotid artery, maxillary, nasal, middle cerebral B. Right external carotid artery, facial, nasal, ophthalmic C. Left internal carotid artery through the circle of Willis D. Left vertebral through the circle of Willis

A. Right external carotid artery, maxillary, nasal, middle cerebral

All of the following are characteristics of the vertebral arteries EXCEPT: A. The vessels are symmetrical. B. They originate from the subclavian arteries. C. Flow patterns demonstrate flow going into a low-resistance vascular bed. D. The confluence of the vessels form another artery.

A. The vessels are symmetrical.

The acoustic windows that provide access to the intracranial vessels for TCD exams are: A. Transorbital, transtemporal, transforamenal B. Transfrontal, transtemporal, transparietal C. Transorbital, transtemporal, transcervical D. Transfrontal, transparietal, transforamenal

A. Transorbital, transtemporal, transforamenal

In sagittal view, color flow imaging displays flow within the greater saphe-nous vein as blue. During a Valsalva maneuver, venous flow is displaved in red. This finding signifies: A. Valvular incompetence B. Rouleau formation C. Normal flow patterns D. Venous obstruction

A. Valvular incompetence

The three main risk factors for deep venous thrombosis (called Virchows triad) include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Valvular incompetence B. Endothelial damage C. Hypercoagulability D. Venous stasis

A. Valvular incompetence

In venous duplex scanning for deep venous thrombosis, all of the following characteristics are of diagnostic value EXCEPT: A. Venous reflux B. Augmentation with distal compression C. Wall compressibility D. Echogenicity of lumen

A. Venous reflux

In a Doppler segmental pressure exam utilizing the three-cuff system, a patient's highest brachial systolic pressure is 168 mmHg. In the asymptomatic extremity of this patient, the thigh pressure would most likely be: A. 200 mmHg B. 170 mmHg C. 140 mmHg D. 110 mmHg

B. 170 mmHg

As blood flows through a stenosis, all of the following occur EXCEPT. A. Flow accelerates through the stenosis. B. Flow remains accelerated distal to the stenosis. C. Turbulent flow is evident immediately past the stenosis. D. Laminar flow can resume downstream from a stenosis.

B. Flow remains accelerated distal to the stenosis.

A patient presenting with ischemic rest pain complains of: A. Numbness in the foot relieved by elevation B. Foot pain when supine, relieved by standing C. A weakness produced with standing D. Foot pain at night occurring occasionally

B. Foot pain when supine, relieved by standing

The most common complications or a caugrapy rollow. Name the exception: A. Puncture site hematoma B. Nerve damage C. Pseudoaneurysm D. Local artery occlusion

B. Nerve damage

One of the following statements is correct about primary Raynaud's: A. May be the first manifestation of collagen disorder B. Occurs when ischemia is caused by distal arterial spasm C. Also called obstructive Raynaud's phenomenon D. Normal vasoconstriction responses are superimposed on a fixed arterial obstruction.

B. Occurs when ischemia is caused by distal arterial spasm

All of the following can be a limitation in utilizing PPG to evaluate the veins for reflux EXCEPT: A. Patient has an acute DVT. B. Patient has chronic venous insufficiency. C. The sensor is placed over a varicosity. D. Nonintact skin throughout the gaitor zone.

B. Patient has chronic venous insufficiency.

The criteria used to correctly identify vessels during a TCD exam include all of the following EXCEPT: A. The depth of the sample volume B. The degree of spectral broadening C. The direction of flow D. The velocity of the flow

B. The degree of spectral broadening

Tunica intima refers to one of the following in the arterial wall: A. The middle layer B. The inner layer C. The outer lining D. Circumferential muscle fibers

B. The inner layer

Spectral broadening usually represents: A. Laminar flow B. Turbulent flow C. Accelerated flow D. Dampened flow

B. Turbulent flow

The most common sequela of deep venous thrombosis is: A. Pulmonary embolism B. Valvular destruction C. Venous gangrene D. Phlegmasia cerulea dolens

B. Valvular destruction

A patient has undergone a femoral-to-anterior-tibial bypass graft. During routine postoperative surveillance of the graft, reverse flow is detected in the native anterior tibial artery just proximal to the distal anastomosis. The most likely explanation for this finding is: A. It represents a steal phenomenon that may result in graft failure. B. It is consistent with severe obstruction in the native outflow artery. C. It is a normal finding because blood moves from the higher pressure of the bypass graft into the lower pressure of the diseased native vessel. D. It is a normal finding because blood moves from the lower pressure of the bypass to the higher pressure of the diseased native vessel.

C. It is a normal finding because blood moves from the higher pressure of the bypass graft into the lower pressure of the diseased native vessel.

The basilar artery differs from most arteries in that: A. It has no branches. B. It cannot serve as a collateral pathway. C. It is formed by two arteries. D. It terminates into two vessels.

C. It is formed by two arteries

The best anatomic landmark for locating the left renal artery is the A. SMA branching off the aorta B. Right renal artery branch C. Left renal vein D. IC

C. Left renal vein

Extrinsic compression of the cellac artery can be caused by the A. Sacral ligament B. Diaphragmatic muscle C. Median arcuate ligament D. Inferior phrenic ligament

C. Median arcuate ligament

Symptoms most requently assoclated with a hemodynamically significant lesion in the upper division of the middle cerebral artery include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Aphasia B. More severe facial and arm weakness or numbness (rather than in the leg) C. More severe leg weakness or numbness (rather than in the face or arm) D. Behavioral changes

C. More severe leg weakness or numbness (rather than in the face or arm)

All of the folowing are true about postenotic turbulence EXCEPT: A. It is bidirectional B. Spectral broadening is present C. No heat loss occurs D. It is characteristic of the stenotic profile

C. No heat loss occurs

Of the following methods, the technique that is most often used to measure toe pressure is: A. Doppler B. VPR C. PPG D. Air plethysmography

C. PPG

Waveforms as the result of secondary Raynaud's phenomena have this unique characteristic: A. Normal amplitude B. Blunted C. Peaked D. Reflected wave

C. Peaked

A high-resistance blood flow pattern is normally NOT found in one of the following: A. External carotid artery B. Femoral artery C. Postprandial superior mesenteric artery D. Fasting superior mesenteric artery

C. Postprandial superior mesenteric artery

According to Poiseuille's law, which factor has the most dramatic effect on blood flow? A. Viscosity of the fluid B. Length of the vessel C. Radius of the vessel D. Elasticity of the vessel wall

C. Radius of the vessel

The confluence of the axillary and cephalic veins form the following vessel: A. Basilic B. Brachial C. Subclavian D. Innominate

C. Subclavian

Which of the following statements about the performance of a TCD exam is NOT true: A. A 0 degree angle of insonation is assumed. B. A 2 MHz probe is used. C. A pulsed Doppler flowmeter is necessary. D. A strip-chart recorder is preferred.

D. A strip-chart recorder is preferred.

All of the following are true of venous PPG EXCEPT: A. PPG sensor is applied above the medial malleolus. B. The patient is examined in a sitting position. C. A light-emitting diode and photosensor are used. D. AC coupling is used to evaluate the slower flow states.

D. AC coupling is used to evaluate the slower flow states.

A false-negative OPG-Gee can be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT: A. Bilateral ICA stenoses B. Well-developed collateral channels C. Subcritical stenoses D. Acute occlusion

D. Acute occlusion

In venous duplex scanning, which of the following is the most useful in correctly identifying the deep veins? A. Depth of vessel B. Course of the vessel C. Size of the vessel D. Adjacent structures

D. Adjacent structures

All of the following statements about analog recordings may apply EXCEPT: A. Less sensitive than spectral analysis B. Low velocities are overestimated C. Noisy D. Displays amplitude of all frequencies

D. Displays amplitude of all frequencies

In a continuous wave venous Doppler exam, the following flow characteristic is the least important in the diagnosis of acute deep venous thrombosis: A. Patency B. Phasicity C. Augmentation D. Nonpulsatility

D. Nonpulsatility

The most common site of stenosis or occlusion of the hemodialysis access graft is: A. Inflow artery stenosis B. Arterial anastomosis C. Puncture site D. Outflow vein

D. Outflow vein

For duplex ultrasonography, the criteria for determining an 80-99% diameter reduction of the ICA include which of the following: A. PSF < 4 kHz & EDF < 4 kHz B. PSV > 125 cm/sec & EDV < 140 cm/sec C. PSF > 4 kHz & EDF < 4 KHz D. PSV >125 cm/sec & EDV > 140 cm/sec

D. PSV >125 cm/sec & EDV > 140 cm/sec

A continuous wave venous Doppler exam can be falsely positive for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A. Obesity B. Severe peripheral arterial occlusive disease C. Patient positioning D. Patient on a ventilator

D. Patient on a ventilator

All of the following vessels are palpable EXCEPT: A. Popliteal artery B. Femoral artery C. Posterior tibial artery D. Peroneal artery

D. Peroneal artery

Normal findings in venous duplex scanning of the arms differ from those of the legs in all of the following ways EXCEPT: A. Doppler signals may be more pulsatile. B. Flow increases during inspiration. C. Vessel compressibility is more limited. D. There are only single venae comitantes.

D. There are only single venae comitantes.