VET 111 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM HOMEWORK

What is the most important thing owners can do at home with their pets to prevent dental disease?

Brush teeth daily

Constipation is common in dogs and often requires repeated enemas.

False

Normal gingival sulcus depth in a dog is <3mm and in a cat, is >1mm.

False

Pyloric stenosis is a condition of dilatation in the pyloric region of the stomach, causing gastric hypermobility.

False

Salivary gland cysts can easily be found and are rarely involved with submandibular lymph node disease.

False

The condition megaesophagus is caused by a hypermotility of the esophagus, leading to abnormal transport of ingesta.

False

The severity of megaesophagus is usually severe across all patients.

False

Hepatoencephalopathy is caused by excess ammonia in the blood and clinical signs include all the following EXCEPT:

Hypertension

This condition can be found secondary to parasites in puppies ____; It is often treated with ___ & ___.

Intussusception; Surgery & antiparasitic

Unformed feces that contain excess mucous may be seen with what disease?

Large-bowel disease

What is one of the most common causes of gastric ulceration in dogs & cats?

NSAIDS

What is the most common malignant oral tumor in cats?

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Signs of acute gastritis would most likely NOT include:

Regurgitation

Prevention is key in dealing with dental diseases.

True

Inflammation of gall bladder, bile ducts & liver. GI & hepatic encephalopathy signs.

Acute Pancreatitis

Sudden onset of auto-digestion. More common in dogs, mini poodles and schnauzers. CS of V/D, anorexia, abdominal pain; can be life threatening. Dx with cPL or fPL. Tx includes NPO, fluids, pain medications, antacids, antiemetic, and then low fat diet.

Acute Pancreatitis

Treatment recommendations for diarrhea often includes:

All the above

Treatment for IBD includes all the following EXCEPT:

All the above are acceptable treatments

All the following are true about GDV and Bloat EXCEPT:

All the above are true

Emesis is the number one sign of esophageal disease.

False

Esophageal obstructions tend to occur in areas of great distension.

False

Famotidine therapy is a common cause of gastritis and gastric ulcers.

False

Gastroesophageal reflux is a retrograde flow of gastric and duodenal contents into the esophagus resulting from adequate closure of the lower pyloric sphincter.

False

Caused by prolonged anorexia in obese cats that leads to fat accumulation in the liver, causing hepatic failure. Needs immediate treatment. Most common hepatic disease in cats.

Feline Hepatic Lipidosis

What is the most common malignant oral tumor in dogs?

Malignant Oral Melanoma

A middle-aged, obese cat, with clinical signs of going in and out of the litter box numerous times with tenesmus, and an abdominal radiograph that reveals a distended colon, can be diagnosed with:

Megacolon

A viral, benign, cauliflower-like growth(s) in the oral cavity of a dog is most likely a what?

Papilloma

Single or multiple ulcerated sinuses around the anus. German shepherds. CS include licking at the tissue, painful defecation, foul odor, tenesmus. Tx with immunosuppressive drugs, antibiotics, and maintaining good hygiene in affected area.

Perianal Fistula

Benign mass near the anus; associated with androgen levels in older, intact male dogs. Find a firm nodule in affected area. Ribbon feces may be seen. Tx with surgical removal of mass and castration.

Perianal Gland Adenoma

Neurogenic atrophy of levator ani muscle. Older intact males. CS include a reducible swelling near perineum, tenesmus & constipation. Medically treat with stool softeners & enemas. Surgically treat with castration & herniorrhaphy.

Perineal Hernia

Often a congenital condition of the ductus venosus not closing after birth. Often runt of the litter because blood from the portal vein is shunted directly to the vena cava prior to filtration in the liver. CS of hepatic encephalopathy after meals, and may have urate uroliths.

Portosystemic Shunts

Retrograde flow of gastric contents into the esophagus from the stomach due to poor closure of the esophageal sphincter is called:

Reflux

Foreign Body in the Esophagus:

Surgery is NOT recommended. Retrieve w/ endoscopy, or advance FB into next anatomic location for surgery

Foreign Body in the Large Intestine:

Surgery is NOT recommended. Wait for FB to pass

Foreign Body in the Small Intestine:

Surgery is recommended for retrieval and may require an R&A; often more severe clinical signs due to small lumen.

Foreign Body in the Stomach:

Surgery is recommended for retrieval, though endoscopy can occasionally be used depending on the foreign body.

A benign oral masses found in young dogs is known as papillomatosis. These are proliferative masses found on MM anywhere in the oral cavity and adjacent skin, caused by a single stranded DNA virus from the Papovaviridae family. The virus has an incubation period of 1-2 months.

True

A fibrosarcoma is a malignant mass originating from the fibrous connective tissue in the mouth, seen in both dogs and cats. Fibrosarcomas are very locally invasive and the second most common oral tumor in cats.

True

An epulis is the most common benign oral mass seen in dogs. The pedunculated mass grows from a gingival surface and is seen at any age and in any breed of dog, although Boxers are the most common breed to present with epuli. The cause of epulis is unknown.

True

Oral melanomas are tumors of the melanocytes of the mouth and recognizable by very rapid growth, local invasiveness, and early metastasis. Oral melanomas are the most common malignant oral tumor found in dogs, yet very rare in cats.

True

Periodontal disease attacks the bone and gum surrounding the teeth. This is seen in both dogs and cats. Small breeds are more susceptible than large breeds to periodontitis.

True

Squamous cell carcinomas are highly invasive oral tumors found in dogs and cats; they involve the gingiva & tongue. SCC's are most often ulcerative, inflamed, & involve necrosis. They're the most common oral tumor found in older cats, and often go unnoticed until dental procedures. Cause is unknown

True

The best diagnosis of any oral tumor is through biopsy and histopathology.

True

The role of the GI system is to acquire useable nutrients for the animal. The GI tract is a continuous tube of specialized organs running from the oral cavity to anus, with accessory organs aiding in the physical breakdown and chemical digestion of food.

True

The veterinary technician routinely performs the dental prophylaxis and dental radiographs on patients with periodontal disease. More advanced procedures—for example, tooth extractions—will be the job of the veterinarian.

True

What TWO things can clients do to prevent viral diarrhea transmission to their pet?

Vaccinate and Prevent coprophagia

Pennies are highly toxic to dogs due to their high content of ______________ under the copper.

Zinc

Diarrhea that is watery and found in large volumes is often associated with what part of the GI tract?

Small intestine

An overweight or obese cat should not lose more than:

1-2% body weight per week

Any time an irritant or chemical is ingested by a pet, we recommend that the owner induce vomiting to remove the substance from the stomach as fast as possible.

False

Chronic condition, unable to secrete adequate digestive enzymes. Can lead to EPI and DM. CS are mild GI signs. Tx with low fat diet and maintaining a healthy weight.

Chronic Pancreatitis

The most common clinical sign of IBD is:

Diarrhea

An ingested linear foreign body can lead to plication of the intestines, causing severe damage to the intestinal tissue. The surgeon must perform a _____ to remove the damaged intestine.

Enterotomy

What is the most common benign oral mass in dogs?

Epulis

Insufficient production of digestive enzymes. CS include weight loss despite polyphagia, large volume of steatorrhea & pale feces, coprophagia; dull hair coat and oily fur & skin. Treat with low fat diet and supplement digestive enzymes.

Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency

A sialocele is usually seen as a bilateral, painful swelling under the neck or tongue.

False

A vascular ring anomaly is an acquired condition, making clinical signs apparent only later in life.

False