VTNE Exam
Which statement concerning fleas is true?
"Flea dirt" is flea feces.
A pet needs butorphanol for pain at a dose of 0.04mg/kg and the medication is available in a 10 mg/ml solution. The pet weighs 4 pounds. How many ml will be administered?
0.01ml.
A commercial cat food is 120 kcal/cup. A cat weighing 5 pounds fed a rate of 40 cal/lb/day should be fed how many cups at each meal if you feed him twice a day.
0.8 cup or 1 cup.
Which of the following crystalloid fluids would likely be a better choice for a patient with hyperkalemia currently undergoing a surgical procedure.
0.9% sodium chloride.
Which of the following is equal to 30 mls.
1 oz.
What is the maintenance flow rate of non-rebreathing systems?
100 - 200 ml/kg/min.
How many mg are in 1 microgram:
1000mgs.
The concentration of furosemide is 10%. How many mg are in 1.2ml?
120mg.
The proper site for an intraperitoneal injection on a large dog is:
2 - 3 inches cranial to the umbilicus.
A pet needs 100mg of a tablet and the medication is available as a 50mg tablet. How many tablets will be needed?
2. Tablets.
A dose of 40meq Kcl has been added to 1L of normal saline. What drip rate would provide a patient with 1meq Kcl/hr?
25ml/hr.
If the cat in the previous question requires an additional 160 ml of water daily, how many additional 45-mL boluses of water must be given?
3.5 boluses.
Consider the following scenario: You are performing a procedure on a canine patient that you feel of at an appropriate anesthetic depth. Which of the following settings would be most appropriate if using Sevoflurane in this patient?
3.5% (Information needs to be provided as to what vaporizer setting this patient is currently on. 3.5% is in the common range.)
The width of a blood pressure cuff in a cat should be what percentage of the circumference of the leg?
30% - 50% (40%.)
how many mg of Dextrose does 6ml of 50% dextrose solution contain?
3000mg. 500mg/ml x 6ml = 3000mg (A 50% solution is 500mg/ml.)
A 50-lb dog needs IV fluids at two times maintenance (132ml/kg/24hr). How many fluids will the patient receive in a 24-hour period?
3000mls.
You have an injectable calcium solution is 3mg/ml . How much do you add to 1L of lactated ringers solution to deliver 4mg/hr of calcium at a fluid rate of 30 ml/hr?
4.4mls.
How many permanent teeth does the adult male horse contain (minus the wolf teeth)?
40.
What is the average gestational period in the ferret?
42 days.
The level of fluid in the 1L IV bag reads halfway between the 4 and 5 marks. How much fluid remains in the bag?
450mls.
How many mg of Dextrose does 1ml of 50% dextrose solution contain?
500mg/ml.
A 45-kg animal weights how many pounds
99lbs.
Inappetent horses should be fed:
A calorically dense food.
What endotracheal tube would an 18 kg dog require?
A. 7 - 7.5mm B. 8 - 8.5mm C. 9 - 9.5mm D. 11mm Poorly written question I would feel that B and C (even possibly A) would potentially all be viable answers. The resource sited in the rationale for a 15kg dog is 8.5 - 9 and 20 kg is listed at 9.5 - 10. If this was an 18kg bull dog it very likely could use a 7 - 7.5mm tube.
Which of the following is the most common sign of severe hypertension?
Acute blindness.
Which of the following structures is the first digit in birds?
Alula or the Hallux.
Which solution has the same proportion of particles and water as that found in plasma?
An isotonic solution.
Painful urination as a result of muscle spasms in the urinary bladder and urethra is referred to as:
As written the painful urination could lead a person to think that dysuria is the correct response. Or, Straining to urinate is referred to as: Stranguria.
An extremely upset client calls the hospital. Her small poodle had stopped breathing and she cannot feel a heartbeat. What should the next recommendation be?
CPR is now compressions only outside of the hospital setting.
Which statement is least accurate concerning the emergency treatment of cats with an urethral obstruction?
Cats must always be sedated to have a urinary catheter passed.
Haemobartonella felis is most commonly seen in the erythrocytes of:
Cats.
Which of the following methods is considered least suitable choice for anesthetic induction in the pediatric canine and feline patient?
Chamber induction with isoflurane.
A decrease in albumin may occur in cases experiencing:
Chronic liver disease or Gastroenteritis.
Which of the following will not be found on an inventory log?
Client name, patient name.
A bacterial genus can best be described as:
Composed of one or more species.
Which of the following is considered a disadvantage of computerized medical records:
Computer generated records can lack medical details.
Which of the following is a technique used to help loosen purulent material within the pulmonary parenchyma?
Coupage.
Which of the following characteristics would be examples of a barrier to communication?
Cultures.
A veterinarian requested blood work on a patient. When reviewing the results, you notice that the patient has an elevated blood lactate. What change would you expect to see on a blood gas?
Decreased pH.
Of the following drugs listed, which one would not be the best choice to use for a patient recovering from surgery as it does not have analgesic properties?
Diazepam.
The work of the respiratory system can be divided into the following 4 parts. The movement of gasses across the alveolar membrane is called:
Diffusion.
The double-pore tapeworm is:
Dipylidium canium.
Which of the following is a not recommended method of actively warming a patient during the recovery period?
Electric heating blankets. Electric heating blankets can cause thermal burns, however there are now safe and effective heating blankets on the market for veterinary use (the hot dog). I would argue that answer C (Commercial bubble wrap) is the correct answer as this is not actively warming the patient but rather trying to insulate the patient and prevent heat loss as active warming would require an external heat source.
Which artery is distal to the femoral artery in birds?
External Iliac.
______________ is a primitive red blood cell.
Hematoblast.
A complete blockage of the endotracheal tube will cause which of the following
Hypercarbia (However the anesthetist will not know that this is occurring and will in reality get low CO2 readings on the capnography because the CO2 cannot be exhaled to be read by the machine. If you are seeing increased readings on the capnography this is not due to an occluded ET tube. With an occluded ET tube you are going to see low to no CO2 levels (even though this is false) in conjunction with hypoxemia.)
Xylitol ingestion may result in which of the following conditions?
Hypoglycemia.
All of the following are causes of hypotension except instead of signs of hypotension
Hypothermia.
During maintenance of anesthesia in horses with inhalant anesthetics what are the most common complications?
Hypoxemia, hypotension, and hypoventilation.
Which of the following terms is used to describe a tumor in the pancreas that results in excessive insulin production, leading to hypoglycemia?
Insulinoma.
When the amount of glycogen in the liver is depleted it is known as:
Ketosis.
PU/PD in a horse:
Lactation Psychogenic water drinking Glucocorticoid administration Acute renal failure.
For an animal that had lost RBCs to a moderate hookworm infection, what would the capillary refill time to be:
Less than 2 seconds if the patient had high Blood pressure and Greater than 2 seconds if the patient had low Blood Pressure.
To place an nasal oxygen catheter in a dog the veterinary technician would measure to the:
Medial canthus of the eye.
Which of the following opioids would be the best choice of analgesia for a patient with suspected head trauma for whom vomiting and / or abdominal contractions are contraindicated?
Methadone.
Pinkeye or contagious conjunctivitis in cattle is caused by:
Moraxella bovis.
Which of the following drugs may decrease the heart rate of a neonatal patient?
Morphine and Dexmetetomidine.
Which of the following drugs cannot be safely administered via the intravenous route. Or Which of the following drugs cannot be safely given via an IV bolus as Morphine can be administered intravenously as a CRI.
Morphine.
The carbon dioxide absorbent should be changed when how much of the canister has changed to violet?
No more than 1/3 - ½ have changed color.
Total enteral nutrition is correctly defined as which of the following?
Nutrition that is given intravenously as a peg tube is technically not administering nutrition through the mouth.
Which bone is located where the spinal cord exits the body?
Occipital bone.
Over production of tears is a result of:
Ocular pain or irritation.
Which of the statements regarding pyometra is correct:
Onychectomies are usually curative.
The minimum fresh gas flow in a semi closed circle system is correctly determined by:
Patient's respiratory rate.
Septic Thrombophlebitis is more likely to occur in which of the following equine patients?
Patients experiencing endotoxemia Patients receiving enteral nutrition Patients that are recumbent Septic thrombophlebitis does not occur in horses.
What color do gram-negative organisms appear when they are stained with a gram stain?
Pink/Red.
All of the following are true about rabbits except:
Rabbits are omnivores They are: Rabbits are hindgut fermenters Rabbits are monogastric Rabbits are herbivories.
Which of the following is not a recommended method of actively warming a patient while under anesthesia.
Radiant heat via heat lamp. While I would argue that heat lamps are the least ideal there are sources that site their use. (Battaglia, Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care for Veterinary Technicians, Chapter 10 Anesthesia in the Critically Ill or Injured patient) I would argue that answer C (Commercial bubble wrap) is the correct answer as this is not actively warming the patient but rather trying to insulate the patient and prevent heat loss as active warming would require an external heat source.
Where does the microbial digestion of cellulose take place within the horse?
Small Intestine.
Blood pressure cuff placement is common in all of the following areas except the:
The Foot. Placement is acceptable in the Hind Limb, ForeLimb, or the Tail.
Blood leaves the right ventricle to enter what structure?
The Pulmonary artery.
How can you tell the endotracheal tube has been placed in the esophagus?
The answer given by the book and the rationale is B (the unidirectional valves don't move). It is possible to see movement in the unidirectional valves with esophageal intubation. The source book cited by the rationale describes watching for the inhalation valve opening on inhalation and the expiratory valve opening on exhalation. With esophageal intubation the valves may still move but will be in reverse direction. Also during intubation an anesthesia machine is not always present (ambu bag) or may be equipped with a non-rebreather which would not allow for this check to occur. A better standard would be for visualization of the endotracheal tube in the larynx.
Which of the following are the bones in the tail of a dog?
The coccygeal vertebrate.
The ribs that make up the caudal part of the thorax are called
The floating ribs.
The demarcation line that separates the left and right ventricles of the heart is termed as an:
The line of demarcation is the Intraventricular groove but it does not technically separate the right and the left ventricles. The intraventricular septum is what separates the right and left ventricles but it is not technically a line of demarcation.
You are monitoring anesthesia on a patient undergoing an enucleation. The patient suddenly becomes severely bradycardic during manipulation of the globe. What is likely occurring?
This is likely the result of the oculocardiac reflex.
Which of the following is the largest gland in the body"
Thyroid or Liver.
Zoonotic Parasites are:
Toxoplasma Echinococcus Dipylidium Giardia.
Which of the following cause opioid like affects but is not a true opioid.
Tramadol.
The higher the solubility of the anesthetic the slower the gas anesthetics will go from the alveoli into the blood
True.
Waste excretion is a requirement for maintain homeostasis and can be achieved through which route of excretion?
Urinary system Respiratory System Digestive System Sweat Glands.
Rickets is caused by a deficiency in which vitamin?
Vitamin D.
