war of the roses

John of Gaunt

(1340-1399) son of Edward II; regent for Richard II

Richard II

(1377-1399) This son of Edward the Black Prince was the last of the Plantagenets. This tyrranical king was deposed by Henry Bolingbroke whom he had disinherited.

Henry V

(1413-1422) Huge military successes in the 100 years war culminating with the Battle of Agincourt which saw him very close to conquering all of France. He married Catherine Valois, daughter of the King of France.

richard iii

This weak English king was defeated by a rival, Henry Tudor, at Bosworth field in 1485.

Aquitaine

a province in France where England held land, trigger of the Hundred Years' War

henry tudor

also known as Henry VII, victor of the War of the Roses, Lancasterian

hundred years' war

conflict between England and France from 1337 to 1453; fought over lands England possessed in France and feudal rights versus the emerging claims of national states

Henry Tudor

defeated Yorkist king Richard III to establish Tudor dynasty; reduced internal tension and controlled nobles by forming Court of Star Chamber;good at extracting income while pleasing middle class;left strong monarchy

Edward the black prince

known for being the most chivalrous knight, He dies early and doesn't get to be king

Duke of lancaster

one of the kingdom's wealthiest men; his eldest son became Henry IV after deposing Richard III

Henry VI

son of Henry V who as an infant succeeded his father and was King of England from 1422 to 1461, very weak king, mental issues long periods of depression

Edward III

son of Isabella of England. He could only exercise rightful sovereignty over Aquitaine by becoming king of France. He led the country into the Hundred Years' war. (386)1338 declared himself rightful heir to French throne, started Hundred Years War , (1327-1377) He restored order after the disastrous reign of his father, and his reign saw vital developments in legislature and government. He was an enormously successful monarch and he reigned for 50 years, the longest term until George III. At 17, he led a coup against Roger Mortimer who had deposed his father. He declared himself the legitimate heir to the French throne in 1338 starting the 100 years war, in which he witnessed decisive victories at Poitiers and Crecy with the help of his illustrious son Edward the Black Prince.

War of the roses

struggle for the English throne (1455-1485) between the house of York (white rose) and the house of Lancaster (red rose) ending with the accession of the Tudor monarch Henry VII

house of lancaster

the English royal house that reigned from 1399 to 1461- the kings were Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI

Henry IV

the first Lancastrian king of England from 1399 to 1413

henry of bolingbroke

the son of John of Gaunt, who, in 1399 after the death of his father, was disinherited by Richard II; while in exile, he seeks support from France; he came back from exile to England demanding his lands back, but soon it was obvious that he wanted more than just land: he wanted the throne; with little resistance posed by Richard, he deposed him and crowned himself Henry IV

house of york

Claimed the throne after last plantagenet king went insane and began the War of Roses. The English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

Edmund of Langley

Duke of York Richard's uncle brother of John of Gaunt and Thomas of Gloucester. made Lord Governor of England by King Richard while he is away at war, but is eventually convinced by Bolingbroke to defect and join his rebel army. A traditionalist who is loyally devoted to the crown, he is deeply upset by any kind of treason against the crown.

Richard II

King of England from 1377 to 1399

Richard III

King of England from 1483 to 1485, He was the last king from the House of York, and his defeat at the Battle of Bosworth marked the culmination of the Wars of the Roses

Henry IV

1366-1413; king of England; son of John of Gaunt; banished by Richard II; returned with an army and forced Richard to abdicate; first king of England from the Lancaster side

Edward IV

Plantagenet, York, 1461-1470

john of Gaunt

Same age as Chaucer, Duke of Lancaster, at one point was richest man - married Duke of Lancaster's daughter and got the throne after that because there was no living male heir.

John of Gaunt

The Duke of Lancaster who was the son of Edward III and brother of Edward the Black Prince and Thomas, Duke of York; when Edward died, he brought up his son Richard and influenced him; his son was Henry of Bolingbroke