Waves Physics 12
What are anti-nodle fringes that are not the central maximum called
'nth' Secondary maximum
What is the path the difference for a wave changing phase
1/2 lamda ~\
What year did Robert Hook develop his wave theory of light
1665
What year did James Clark maxwell predict the existence of electromagnetic waves
1864
In what year did Heinrich hertz discover radio waves
1887
In what year did Wilhem Rontgen discover Xrays and what did he realize he could do with them
1895 • form images inside living tissue
What is the central maximum equal to
2<>Y
What is Faraday's Law
A changing magnetic field can produce an electric field
What is white light
A mix of all the colours of light
Describe the process that allows electromagnetic wave to exist as a radiate away from the source that created it
Accelerating electric charge to produce changing fields of electromagnetic wave
What is the relationship in 3-D space between the electric field, magnetic field, and the direction of propagation of electromagnetic waves
According to Faraday's law, the direction of electric field is perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field, which are both perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave
In many spectrum, x-rays and gamma rays overlap. What distinguishes a Gatorade from an x-ray
All waves on the spectrum produced by accelerated charges except for Gamma Ray's which are produced by nuclear decay [energy transformations that occur with the nucleus of an Atom]
How are radio waves usually produced
And alternating current attached to an antenna accelerates
According to the particle theory was like, why would particles have to be troubling extremely quickly
Because like consists of particles travelling in a straight line
Why couldn't this debate be settled easily in the 1600s and 1700s
Because of Newton's undoubtedly success in other scientific areas. He was given immense prestige with in the scientific community for his successful studies in gravity
Why is sunscreen not made to block out UVC
Because the ozone in the earth's atmosphere absorbs it before it reaches Earth surface
In which diagram does the right bisector hit the centre antidotal fringe
Both single slit and Double slit
Which two physicist were the main proponents of the wave theory of light
Christian Huygen and Robert Hooke
If the path difference is 1 lamda, 2 lambda etc...
Contructive interference
If frequency decreases, what happens to the wavelength
Decreases
If the path different is 1/2 lamda, 3/2 lamda, 5/2 lambda etc...
Destructive interference
How is diffraction explained using Huygen's principle
Each point passing through an opening acts as a point source for new spherical wavelets
State Huygen's principle
Every point on a wave front can be considered a point source of tiny secondary wavelets that's right out in front of the wave at the same speed as the wave itself
Visible light's colour varies with its______
Frequency
What happens to the frequency as you move to the right of the electromagnetic spectrum
Frequency increases
Who won the first Nobel Prize for physics in 1901 for his discovery of x-rays
German physicist Wilhem Röntgem
What were grimaldi's observations?
He observed differaction when light passed through A narrow slit, rays of coloured light were created. This supports the wave theory
Who verified maxwells production of the existence of electromagnetic waves
Heinrich hertz
How was reflection explained using Huygen's principle
Incident rays hit points on reflecting surfaces which then act as point sources for spherical wavelets
What happens to the waves energy as the frequency increases
Increases
Who is the main proponent of the particle theory of light
Isaac newton
Who was able to determine that waves travel to the speed of light
James Clerk maxwell
Who established the four equations governing the study of electromagnetism
James clerk maxwell
What is rectilinear propagation
Light travelling in straight lines
What are the four key ideas described in maxwells for equations
Magnetic field lines form a closed loop That have another beginning or end, changing magnetic field can produce an electric field, the changing electric field can produce a magnetic field, electric charges in space produce an electric field
How does a microwave heat food
Microwaves in a microwave oven are seg to a specific frequency that strongly interact with water molecules, causing them to vibrate and produce thermal energy
How did newton explain refraction
Netwon claimed that particles will bend toward the normal if they are going from a slow to fast medium
How did newton argue that the particle theory could explain Grimaldi's observations
Newton argued that light did not travel around corners as waves do, Grimaldi's observations were result of light particles colliding with the edges of the slit
According to the particle theory of light, why would light particles have to be travelling extremely quickly
Newton did not observe any pressure from light so their masses had to be relatively small
How to the particle theory of light explain reflection
Newton said that if light undergoes perfectly elastic collisions, horizontal velocity does not change but vertical velocity is reversed, causing the particles to bounce
What happens to the reflected pulse when incident pulse is going from slow to quick
No phase change
What is resonance
Periodic force that matches the natural frequency of an object
What is electromagnetic radiation
Radiation that consist of interacting magnetic and electric fields, traveling at the speed of light
What part of the electromagnetic spectrum were first produced by human
Radio waves
Which colour of light has the longest wavelength
Red
What did Max will predict would be needed to generate an electromagnetic wave
Repeated oscillations between electric and magnetic field that would take the form of electromagnetic waves in space
What objects use infrared radiation
Satellite cameras to monitor Earth's weather
What type of wavelengths does the earths Ozone absorbe
Shorer wavelengths of UV light
What are the benefits of being exposed to UV light
Stimulates the production of vitamin D in the human body
Explain refraction
The difference in the speed of wave fronts travelling in the two media causes the waves to bend toward or away from the normal
Using Huygen's principle, explain how a single slit creates an interference pattern
The incident on the way friends upon the single slit can be considered an infinite amount of secondary wavelets that interfere to create the single slit interference pattern
What is the electromagnetic spectrum
The range of frequencies and wavelength of all electromagnetic waves
What happens to the reflection post when incident pulse is moving from quick to slow
There is a phase change
True or false: all other biological effects of UV radiation are harmful
True
True or false: infrared interact strong with molecules and is absorbed by most substances
True
Order UV light in increasing frequency
UVA, UVB, UVC
Which colour of light is most energetic
Violet
How do x-rays form images inside living tissue
X-rays that passed through soft tissue blacken and are absorbed by bones which appear clear
For L and the right bisector to be equal what must be true
sin§ must be equal to or less than one so that they are parallel