week 10 quiz

In the United States, the highest poverty rate by race is found among Asian and the lowest among Native Americans.

false

Over the past three decades, the income gap between rich and poor in the United States has decreased steadily.

false

A minimum-wage full-time worker still earns an annual income that is barely above the poverty line for a single wage earner, making class mobility quite difficult for hardworking underclass Americans.

true

Families and individuals exposed to life in a persistently poor neighborhood will experience detrimental long-run effects of that exposure—even after exiting that place.

true

In the United States, the probability of a first marriage ending is substantially higher for couples with low socioeconomic statuses than for those in the middle or upper class. Research shows that the higher rates of divorce for individuals in lower social classes can often be attributed to the greater financial stress these couples face, though factors like class expectations can also play a role.

true

poverty attribution

How individuals explain poverty.

Which of the following is true of economic privilege?

- Economic privilege protects a person from environmental and contextual consequences such as living in toxic or violent environments. - Economic privilege protects individuals from the consequences of their behaviors and attitudes. An example is that economic privilege not only gives people the benefit of the doubt when it comes to poor behaviors, but economic privilege also protects them from law enforcement. - Economic privilege protects individuals from assaults on their cultural identity.

What leads to a persistently poor community?

- Few good-paying jobs and a declining industry - Low-quality schools - Lack of opportunities or amenities - Higher-income households exiting the community at a higher rate than lower-income households and lower-income households entering the community at a higher rate than higher-income households,

Which of the following is an impact of poverty on child development?

- Poverty harms the brain and other body systems. - Poverty creates and widens achievement gaps. - Poverty leads to poor physical, emotional, and behavioral health. - Poverty can harm children through the negative effects it has on their families and the home environment.

SES

A comparative measure of class standing, or status, based on a combination of educational attainment, income level, and occupational prestige.

wealth

A condition in which a person has a substantial surplus net worth: the sum of their assets significantly outweigh the sum of thir liabilities; the person is able to meet their is able to meet his or her basic needs, and accumulate resources to satisfy wants, and redistribute resources according to personal values (e.g., family inheritance, charitable donations, further accumulation of resources).

poverty

A condition in which a person's liabilities significantly outweigh his or her assets or the person is unable to meet basic requirements for well-being, such as food, shelter, and clothing.

class ally

A person from the more privileged classes whose attitudes and behaviors are anti-classist, who is committed to increasing his or her own understanding of this issue related to classism, and is actively working towards eliminating classism on many levels.

psychological distancing

A term which refers to ways of thinking and behaving that are used by privileged groups to justify and distance themselves from their role in socioeconomic injustice.

persistently poor place

An area where the poverty rate has been over 20 percent for at least three decades.

food insecurity

Difficulty providing enough food for all household members due to a lack of resources.

classism

Having negative biases about, and discriminatory behaviors toward, individuals or groups based on their perceived or actual SES.

upward classism

Marginalization directed to those who are perceived to be in a higher social class than the perceiver. An example of this may be labeling someone a snob or elitist.

downward classism

Marginalization directed to those who are perceived to be in a lower social class than the perceiver. An example of this may be labeling someone as lazy or deserving of poor treatment.

generational poverty

Poverty that occurs in families where at least two generations have been born into poverty. Families living in this type of poverty are not equipped with the tools to move out of their situations.

poverty traps

Regions, counties or neighborhoods with ongoing economic and institutional problems that lead to persistently high rates of poverty that tend to trap residents in places with little hope for mobility or economic improvement.

situational poverty

Shorter term poverty caused by circumstance (i.e., death, illness, divorce, etc.).

social capital

Social networks and interpersonal connections. These may be used to gain access to jobs that are not advertised, for example.

Class Privilege

Tangible or intangible unearned advantages of higher-class status, such as personal contacts with employers, good childhood health care, inherited money, and speaking with the same dialect/accent as people with institutional power.

internalized superiority

The acceptance and justification of class privilege by middle-class and wealthy people.

internalized classism

The acceptance and justification of classism by working class and poor people. Examples include: feelings of inferiority to higher-class people; disdain or shame about traditional patterns of class in one's family and a denial of heritage; feelings of superiority to people lower on the class spectrum than oneself; hostility and blame towards other working-class or poor people; and beliefs that classist institutions are fair.

cultural capital

The aesthetics an individual develops that reflect one's social class group. For one group it may be art in a particular gallery that is valued, while for another group, aesthetics may be expressed as an ability to differentiate different forms of camouflage needed for hunting.

human capital

The capabilities and physical characteristics with which a person is born and which the person may develop and enhance throughout a lifetime. Enlargement of these is limited by physical limitation and access to resources. Body size, muscularity or leanness, and attractiveness are examples of this.

class mobility

The degree to which individuals can "get ahead" and advance in SES.

What stereotypes are held against those living in poverty?

They lack motivation They are unintelligent They are undependable They are at fault for their own predicaments

New evidence suggests that low-income children who grow up alongside more affluent neighbors and peers may suffer from a type of "double disadvantage" in that theyhave been shown to experience more mental health problems, poorer educational attainment and worse behavior than their low-income peers living/attending school in concentrated disadvantage.

true

One third of the world's wealth is owned by North Americans, home to the richest 1% of the global population.

true

Over the past century in the United States, the predominant cultural belief is that, if you work hard enough, you will get ahead (and conversely, if you are not getting ahead, it is because you are not working hard enough).

true

People who are poor/working class sometimes internalize the dominant society's beliefs and attitudes toward them, and play them out against themselves and others of their class.

true

Poverty is relative. If everyone around you has similar circumstances, the notion of poverty and wealth is vague.

true

While gender and race play significant roles in explaining healthcare inequality in the United States, SES is the greatest social determinant of an individual's health outcome.

true

children from a lower socioeconomic background tend to have more negative views about themselves. They see themselves as less intelligent, less able to grow their intelligence, less deserving and less worthy—even if they are as smart and high-achieving as others.

true

o move from poverty to middle class or middle class to wealth, an individual must give up relationships for achievement (at least for some period of time

true