Week 2
Argument diagram
Argument map or argument tree. It provides a visual representation of the argument's structure.
Multiple arguments
Arguments with multiple conclusions and chain arguments. e.g.: Rafael was given greater responsibilities at work. Therefore, he deserves a raise, and he should also be given a promotion.
Analyze
Break down into its most elementary parts. Identifying the issue, conclusion, and premise(s).
Chain argument
Chain of reasoning, with some conclusions serving as premises for other conclusions. Contain intermediate conclusion.
Extra claims
Claims that are presented with an argument, but are neither conclusions nor premises. It may provide background information, provide rhetorical flourish, or motivate the argument.
Intermediate conclusions
Claims that do double duty as conclusions and premises. They stand between the initial premises and the ultimate conclusion.
Extended argument
Contains several subarguments
Implied claim
Non-claims, used rhetorically in arguments. i.e.: Don't move. You are about to step right on a rattlesnake.
Questions, commands, and phrases
Not a claim, so not a part of argument.
Argument
Set of claims that offers reasons as evidence for the truth of one of its claims
Conclusion indicator
Signals that the claim following it is a conclusion. e.g.: therefore, thus, so, hence, consequently, it follow (that), which goes to show (that)
Premise indicator
Signals that the claim following it is a premise. e.g.: because, given that, since, however, but (at the beginning of a sentence), and (at the beginning of a sentence), for
Formal analyis
States the premise above a line and the conclusion below the line
Premises
The claims offered as evidence. Indicated by the letter *P* (P1, P2). Reason why a claim is trying to be proven.
Conclusion
The claims supported by the evidence. Indicated by the symbol ∴ Claim that is trying to be proven
Subarguments
The intermediate conclusion and the premise that support the chain argument
Issue
What is up for debate or being questioned. The issue is the same regardless of which side of the issue the arguer defends.
Convergent
When premises are independent. e.g.: Cocaine is addictive, and it is illegal. Consequently, you should not use cocaine.
Inference indicators
Words or phrases that reveal the argument's structure. Most valuable tool in argument analysis.