Week 2: Check Your Understanding

In general, the best prognosis for long-term disease-free survival occurs with

ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)

Which type of leukemia primarily affects children?

ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)

Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome?

CML

The liver is responsible for the synthesis of coagulation factors, with the exception of part of VIII

True

Two of the most serious oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma are obstruction of the superior vena cava and compression of the spinal cord.

True

A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is

aspirin

The Philadelphia chromosome is a balanced chromosome translocation that forms a new gene called

bcr-abl.

Most carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as

bicarbonate ion

Excessive red cell lysis can be detected by measuring the serum

bilirubin

A cause of thrombocytopenia includes

chemotherapy

The final step in clot formation is

clot retraction

When systemic vascular resistance is decreased, blood flow

decreases

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome is an example of a(n)

deficient immune response

Widespread activation of the clotting cascade secondary to massive trauma is called

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

A laboratory test finding helpful in confirming the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia is

elevated total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)

The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (international normalized ratio) measure the integrity of

extrinsic pathway

Treatment for hemophilia A includes

factor VIII replacement.

The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin results in

fibrinolysis.

Red blood cells obtain nearly all their energy from metabolism of

glucose

Patients who experience anemic episodes when exposed to certain drugs most likely have

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD deficiency)

Red blood cells differ from other cell types in the body, because they

have no cytoplasmic organelles.

Blood flow is slow through capillaries because capillaries

have the largest total cross-sectional area.

Which condition is associated with an elevated reticulocyte count?

hemolytic anemia

A 3-year-old boy who exhibits prolonged bleeding after minor trauma and a prolonged aPTT, but a normal platelet count, is likely to be diagnosed with

hemophilia

An important mediator of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is

histamine

Myasthenia gravis is a type II hypersensitivity disorder that involves

impaired muscle function

The effects of histamine release include

increased vascular permeability

The major cause of death from leukemic disease is

infection

Disseminated intravascular coagulation may be treated with heparin therapy to

inhibit clotting factor consumption

Clinical manifestations of chronic arterial obstruction include

intermittent claudication

Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of

intrinsic factor

A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia?

iron deficiency

The cause of the most common form of anemia is

iron deficiency

Thalassemia may be confused with iron-deficiency anemia, because they are both

microcytic

Which causes vasoconstriction?

norepinephrine

The strength of the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is known as the

oxygen-hemoglobin affinity

A deficiency of von Willebrand factor impairs

platelet adhesion to injured tissue.

The megakaryocyte is a precursor to

platelets

The goal of long term heparin for the management of a deep vein thrombosis is to

prevent further clot formation

A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is

pulmonary embolus

Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by

recipient antibodies

The movement of blood through the vascular system is opposed by the force of

resistance

Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which

stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.

A patient is diagnosed with a tortuous blood vessel of the right hand that bleeds spontaneously. This patient presents with

telangiectasia

The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of

the intrinsic pathway.

Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by

tissue thromboplastin

Tissues are able to autoregulate their rate of blood flow by controlling

vascular resistance

Peripheral edema is a result of

venous thrombosis

A normal bleeding time in association with normal platelet count, and increased prothrombin time (PT) and INR, is indicative of

vitamin K deficiency.

Which is not considered to be a risk factor for thrombus formation?

Thrombocytopenia

The arterial oxygen content (CaO2) for a patient with PaO2 100 mm Hg, SaO2 95%, and hemoglobin 15 g/dL is _____ mL oxygen/dL.

19.4

A patient presents to the physician's office with pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin. The patient is most likely between the ages of _____ years.

4 and 7

A 5-year-old patient's parents report loss of appetite and fatigue in their child. The parents also state that the child refuses to walk as a result of pain. The child's most likely diagnosis is

ALL

Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment syndrome?

Absent peripheral pulses

While in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a patient develops severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition is

Activity restriction

What is the correct definition of complete remission (CR) of leukemia?

CR is less than 5% blasts in marrow and normal CBC values.

Patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually first identified because they

Develop recurrent infections

Burkitt lymphoma is most closely associated with

Epstein-Barr virus

Seasonal allergic rhinitis is most involved in type II hypersensitivity reactions

False

Vaccination for pneumococcal pneumonia should be performed before 1 year of age in patients with sickle cell anemia.

False

Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease?

HIV/AIDS

Risk factors for atherosclerosis include

Hyperlipidemia

A child with a history of recent strep throat infection develops glomerulonephritis. This is most likely a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction

III

The principle Ig mediator of type I hypersensitivity reactions is

IgE (immunoglobulin E)

Which condition enhances lymphatic flow?

Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure

The patient is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). As part of treatment, the patient must undergo several weeks of chemotherapy. The most serious complication of chemotherapy is

Infection

What is necessary for red blood cell production?

Iron

Which characteristic is indicative of hemolytic anemia?

Jaundice

The primary source of erythropoietin is provided by the

Kidney

Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency?

Liver

Renal insufficiency is a common complication of which disease?

Myeloma

Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)?

Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising

What laboratory finding is usually found in aplastic anemia?

Pancytopenia

Which is not a manifestation of acute arterial obstruction?

Purpura

The most common primary immune deficiency that affects only B cells is

Selective IgA

Hemophilia B is also known as Christmas disease.

TRUE

Blood flow throughout the periphery is regulated by

The autonomic nervous system