Week 2: Check Your Understanding
In general, the best prognosis for long-term disease-free survival occurs with
ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)
Which type of leukemia primarily affects children?
ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)
Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome?
CML
The liver is responsible for the synthesis of coagulation factors, with the exception of part of VIII
True
Two of the most serious oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma are obstruction of the superior vena cava and compression of the spinal cord.
True
A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is
aspirin
The Philadelphia chromosome is a balanced chromosome translocation that forms a new gene called
bcr-abl.
Most carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as
bicarbonate ion
Excessive red cell lysis can be detected by measuring the serum
bilirubin
A cause of thrombocytopenia includes
chemotherapy
The final step in clot formation is
clot retraction
When systemic vascular resistance is decreased, blood flow
decreases
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome is an example of a(n)
deficient immune response
Widespread activation of the clotting cascade secondary to massive trauma is called
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
A laboratory test finding helpful in confirming the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia is
elevated total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (international normalized ratio) measure the integrity of
extrinsic pathway
Treatment for hemophilia A includes
factor VIII replacement.
The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin results in
fibrinolysis.
Red blood cells obtain nearly all their energy from metabolism of
glucose
Patients who experience anemic episodes when exposed to certain drugs most likely have
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD deficiency)
Red blood cells differ from other cell types in the body, because they
have no cytoplasmic organelles.
Blood flow is slow through capillaries because capillaries
have the largest total cross-sectional area.
Which condition is associated with an elevated reticulocyte count?
hemolytic anemia
A 3-year-old boy who exhibits prolonged bleeding after minor trauma and a prolonged aPTT, but a normal platelet count, is likely to be diagnosed with
hemophilia
An important mediator of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is
histamine
Myasthenia gravis is a type II hypersensitivity disorder that involves
impaired muscle function
The effects of histamine release include
increased vascular permeability
The major cause of death from leukemic disease is
infection
Disseminated intravascular coagulation may be treated with heparin therapy to
inhibit clotting factor consumption
Clinical manifestations of chronic arterial obstruction include
intermittent claudication
Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of
intrinsic factor
A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia?
iron deficiency
The cause of the most common form of anemia is
iron deficiency
Thalassemia may be confused with iron-deficiency anemia, because they are both
microcytic
Which causes vasoconstriction?
norepinephrine
The strength of the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is known as the
oxygen-hemoglobin affinity
A deficiency of von Willebrand factor impairs
platelet adhesion to injured tissue.
The megakaryocyte is a precursor to
platelets
The goal of long term heparin for the management of a deep vein thrombosis is to
prevent further clot formation
A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is
pulmonary embolus
Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by
recipient antibodies
The movement of blood through the vascular system is opposed by the force of
resistance
Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which
stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.
A patient is diagnosed with a tortuous blood vessel of the right hand that bleeds spontaneously. This patient presents with
telangiectasia
The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of
the intrinsic pathway.
Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by
tissue thromboplastin
Tissues are able to autoregulate their rate of blood flow by controlling
vascular resistance
Peripheral edema is a result of
venous thrombosis
A normal bleeding time in association with normal platelet count, and increased prothrombin time (PT) and INR, is indicative of
vitamin K deficiency.
Which is not considered to be a risk factor for thrombus formation?
Thrombocytopenia
The arterial oxygen content (CaO2) for a patient with PaO2 100 mm Hg, SaO2 95%, and hemoglobin 15 g/dL is _____ mL oxygen/dL.
19.4
A patient presents to the physician's office with pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin. The patient is most likely between the ages of _____ years.
4 and 7
A 5-year-old patient's parents report loss of appetite and fatigue in their child. The parents also state that the child refuses to walk as a result of pain. The child's most likely diagnosis is
ALL
Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment syndrome?
Absent peripheral pulses
While in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a patient develops severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition is
Activity restriction
What is the correct definition of complete remission (CR) of leukemia?
CR is less than 5% blasts in marrow and normal CBC values.
Patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually first identified because they
Develop recurrent infections
Burkitt lymphoma is most closely associated with
Epstein-Barr virus
Seasonal allergic rhinitis is most involved in type II hypersensitivity reactions
False
Vaccination for pneumococcal pneumonia should be performed before 1 year of age in patients with sickle cell anemia.
False
Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease?
HIV/AIDS
Risk factors for atherosclerosis include
Hyperlipidemia
A child with a history of recent strep throat infection develops glomerulonephritis. This is most likely a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction
III
The principle Ig mediator of type I hypersensitivity reactions is
IgE (immunoglobulin E)
Which condition enhances lymphatic flow?
Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
The patient is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). As part of treatment, the patient must undergo several weeks of chemotherapy. The most serious complication of chemotherapy is
Infection
What is necessary for red blood cell production?
Iron
Which characteristic is indicative of hemolytic anemia?
Jaundice
The primary source of erythropoietin is provided by the
Kidney
Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency?
Liver
Renal insufficiency is a common complication of which disease?
Myeloma
Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)?
Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising
What laboratory finding is usually found in aplastic anemia?
Pancytopenia
Which is not a manifestation of acute arterial obstruction?
Purpura
The most common primary immune deficiency that affects only B cells is
Selective IgA
Hemophilia B is also known as Christmas disease.
TRUE
Blood flow throughout the periphery is regulated by
The autonomic nervous system
