Week 2 Quiz - Chemistry
Chemistry and Review - Water: Properties of Water Part D Which statement is true of waters tensile strength?
(A), (b), and (c)
Chemistry and Review - Water: Properties of Water Part F Which of the following helps most to explain why water has a height specific heat?
(a) A water molecule can make for hydrogen bonds.
Chemistry and Review - Water: Properties of Water Part J Can you open spaces in water is crystal structure and make it possible for...
(a) Aquatic life to exist at the North Pole
Chemistry Review - Atoms & Molecules: Polar Attractions Part A Polar attractions are...
(a), (b), and (c) are correct.
Chemistry and Review - Water: Properties of Water Part K Why doesn't oil mix with water?
(c) Polar molecules attract one another
6. The smallest unit of matter that retain all of the physical properties of that type of matter is a(n) ______.
- atom
Building Vocabulary: Essential Elements for Life 1. ______ is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.
- atomic number
Building Vocabulary: Essential Elements for Life 4. ________ is one of the seven elements that make up a small fraction, approximately 3.7%, and living cells.
- calcium
3. The scientific study of matter is called _______
- chemistry
Building Vocabulary: Basic Chemistry Terms 1. H2S04, sulfuric acid, contains three different types of items: hydrogen (H), sulfur (S), and oxygen (O). Each of these items represent a different ________. Since the three types are combined in a fixed ratio, this means that H2S04 is a(n) ______.
- element - compound
4. ______ is anything that occupies space and/or has any substance.
- matter
2. If two or more atoms are bonded together, they form what?
- molecule
Building Vocabulary: Essential Elements for Life 3. _______ is one of the four elements that make up 96.3% of living cells.
- nitrogen
5. Within a plant, water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) can be combined using the energy of sunlight to produce glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2). If you were to write out this chemical reaction, water and carbon dioxide are each in an example of a _______ wall glucose and oxygen or an example of a(n) ______.
- reactant - product
Building Vocabulary: Essential Elements for Life 2. ________, also called micro nutrients, are any chemical element required by living organisms in minuscule amounts, but cells require them to survive.
- trace elements
Building Vocabulary: Essential Elements for Life 5. ________ is one of the 14 trace elements and is a component of certain digestive enzymes and other proteins.
- zinc
Activity: Dissociation of Water Molecules Part H About ______ molecules in a glass of water or disassociated.
1 in 500,000,000
Activity: Dissociation of Water Molecules Part F What is the charge of a hydrogen ion?
1+
Relative to a pH of 7, a pH of 4 has a ________.
1,000 times higher H+ concentration
Activity: Dissociation of Water Molecules Part G What is the charge on a hydroxide ion?
1-
Activity: Structure of the Atomic Nucleus Part C Fluorine's atomic number is 9 and it's atomic mass is 19. How many neutrons does fluorine have?
10
Chemistry Review - Atoms & Molecules: Polar Attractions Part D In the molecule below how many atoms could make hydrogen bonds with water?
10
Silicon has an atomic number 14 and a mass number of 28. How many neutrons are found in silicon?
14 (Extra info: The atomic number is the number of protons in and atom, and the mass number is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons. Thus, for silicon, the number of neutrons equals 28-14.)
Sulfur has an atomic number of 16. How many covalent bonds can sulfur form?
2
How many oxygen atoms are in the products of the following reaction? C6H 12O6 + 6 H2O +6 02 —> 6 CO2 + 12 H2O
24
Beryllium's atomic mass is 9, and it's atomic number is 4. How many protons are found in a beryllium atom?
4
Activity: Covalent Bonds Part C This atom can form up to _____ single covalent bond(s).
4 (Extra info: There are four electrons in the outermost electron shell.)
Activity: Structure of the Atomic Nucleus Part D And uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many protons does boron have?
5
Chemistry Review - Atoms & Molecules: Polar Attractions Part C How many atoms in the pictured molecule can form hydrogen bonds and water molecules?
5
Activity: Structure of the Atomic Nucleus Part A What is the atomic number of an atom that has six protons, six neutrons, and six electrons?
6
The graph below shows data regarding radioactive decay of carbon -14. If decay continues to occur normally, how much C -14 will remain after 22,800 years?
6.25%
Human body cells are approximately ________ water.
70-95%
An uncharged atom of mercury has an atomic number of 80 and an atomic mass of 200. This atom has ______ protons, _______ neutrons, and ________ electrons.
80;120;80
Activity: Dissociation of Water Molecules Part B How did this molecule form?
A water molecule gained a hydrogen ion from another water molecule.
Activity: Ionic Bonds Part C An ionic bond involves ______.
An attraction between ions of opposite charge
Scenario 1 Why did the sweat on Heathers for head and arms form drops?
Because of the cohesive nature of water
Chemistry and Review - Water: Properties of Water Part C Water is a source of _________ for chemical reactions in cells.
Both (a) and (b)
Chemistry and Review - Water: Properties of Water Part I Which statement helps to explain why ice is less dense than liquid water?
Both (a) and (b)
Chemistry and Review - Water: Properties of Water Part G Which factor is important and making it possible to cool yourself by sweating? Think carefully!
Both (a) and (b).
What are the reactant(s) in the following chemical reaction? C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 —> 6 CO2 + 12 H2O
C6H1206, H2O, and O2
Chemistry Review - Atoms & Molecules: Polar Attractions Part B Hydrogen bonds...
Can form between H and N.
Four elements combine to make it about 96% of the mass of the human body. Which of the following elements is one of the four?
Carbon (Extra info: The four elements are hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon.)
Activity: Covalent Bonds Part A What type of bond is joining the two hydrogen atoms?
Covalent
Activity: Dissociation of Water Molecules Part D This animation illustrates the _____ of water.
Disassociation
Activity: Dissociation of Water Molecules Part E Which of these is the correct equation for the disassociation of water?
H2O+ H2O <==> H3O^+ + OH^-
Which of the following is an acid?
HCl
Activity: Hydrogen Bonds Part A The brackets are indicating a(n) ______ bond.
Hydrogen
Activity: Hydrogen Bonds Part B What name is given to the bond between water molecules?
Hydrogen
Adjacent water molecules interact with one another via _________ bonds.
Hydrogen
Chemistry and Review - Water: Properties of Water Part E Water has surface tension because...
Hydrogen bonds between surface water molecules resist being stretched.
Activity: Dissociation of Water Molecules Part A What name is given to this molecule?
Hydronium ion
Activity: Acids, Bases, and pH Part B What is the arrow pointing to?
Hydroxide ion
Activity: Dissociation of Water Molecules Part C What name is given to this molecule?
Hydroxide ion
Activity: Ionic Bonds Part B In salt, what is the nature of the bond between sodium and chloride?
Ionic
Chemistry and Review - Water: Properties of Water Part H Though you add heat, the temperature of boiling water remains constant because...
It takes energy to break hydrogen bonds
Examine the pH scale below. How does grapefruit juice compare to lemon juice?
Lemon juice has 10 times higher H+ concentration than grapefruit juice.
________ is an example of an element.
Nitrogen
Chemistry and Review - Water: Properties of Water Part A Which statement must be mentioned and explaining why in the amphipathic molecules line up at a water surface?
Polar groups attract one another
A base ________.
Removes H+ from a solution
Sugar dissolves on stirred into coffee. The coffee is the ________, the sugar is the ________, and the sweetened coffee is the ______.
Solvent; solute; solution
Activity: The Polarity of Water Part F Why isn't the insect drowning?
Surface tension
Scenario 1 When Heather grabbed the glass of ice water, the ice cubes were floating at the top. Why were the ice cubes floating in the water?
The density of water decreases when it freezes
Activity: Nonpolar and Polar Molecules Part A Which of these figures correctly illustrates the nature of the bonding of H2O?
The oxygen atom will have a negative sign next to it, while the hydrogen will have positive signs.
Why is water considered a polar molecule?
The oxygen end of the molecule has a slight negative charge, and the hydrogen end has a slight positive charge.
Activity: The Polarity of Water Part E Which of these bonds is weakest?
The second answer: the hydrogen bond Two water molecules with the three dots highlighted in yellow.
Activity: Acids, Bases, and pH Part D How does the pH of a solution on the right compared with that of the solution on the left?
The solution on the right is basic relative to the solution on the left.
Some tiny insects are able to walk on water. Why?
The surface tension that is a result of water's cohesive properties makes this possible.
Activity: Structure of the Atomic Nucleus Part B Which of these refers to atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses?
These Atoms are isotopes
Chemistry and Review - Water: Properties of Water Part B Dissolving is best described as...
a mingling of molecules and/or ions
Activity: Ionic Bonds Part A Atoms with the same number of protons but with different electrical charges _______.
are different ions
What name is given to substances that resist changes in pH?
buffers
What are the four most common elements found in living organisms?
carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen
Substances that contain two or more elements in a fixed ratio are called _______.
compounds
The hydrogen and oxygen atoms of a water molecule are held together by ______ bonds.
covalent
What name is given to bonds that involve the sharing of electrons?
covalent
When a base is added to a buffer solution, the buffer will ________.
donate H+ ions
Activity: Covalent Bonds Part D A(n) _________ Bond joins these two oxygen atoms.
double covalent
Adjacent water molecules interact through the _________.
electrical attraction between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule
Activity: The Polarity of Water Part C The tendency of an atom to pull electrons toward itself is referred to as its _______.
electronegativity
Substances that cannot be broken down chemically into other substances are called ______.
elements (Extra info: there are 92 naturally occurring elements on earth.)
Activity: The Polarity of Water Part A Each water molecule is joined to _____ other water molecules by ____ bonds.
four ... hydrogen
In the reaction glucose + fructose → sucrose + water, _____ is a reactant and _____ is a product.
glucose and water (Extra info: The direction in which the arrow is pointing indicates that glucose and fructose are reactants and sucrose and water are products.)
Which of these is an example of a solution?
hot cocoa
Activity: Acids, Bases, and pH Part A What is the arrow pointing to?
hydrogen ion
In a neutral solution the concentration of ________.
hydrogen ions is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions
What is the term for an atom that is electrically charged as a result of gaining or losing electrons?
ion
The bond between oppositely charged ions is a(n) ______ bond.
ionic
Which of the following elements is a trace element that is essential to life?
iron
As water freezes, _____.
its molecules move farther apart
Activity: Covalent Bonds Part B A(n) _________ refers to two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
molecule
The lower the pH of a solution, the ______.
more acidic the solution
In order to have a positive charge, and atom must have ______.
more protons than electrons
Carbon-12 and carbon-13 are different in the number of _______ they have.
neutrons (Extra info: carbon-12 in carbon-13 are isotopes. Isotopes differ only in the number of the neutrons.)
In an atom with a neutral overall charge, the number of protons is equal to the _______.
number of electrons
What is the pH inside most living cells?
pH 7
Activity: The Polarity of Water Part B The unequal sharing of electrons within a water molecule makes the water molecule _____.
polar
Activity: The Polarity of Water Part D In this molecule, what type of bond is found between the oxygen and hydrogens?
polar covalent
All atoms of an element have the same number of _______.
protons
Isotopes of an element have the same number of ______ and different numbers of _______.
protons and neutrons
Activity: Nonpolar and Polar Molecules Part B What type of bond joins the carbon atom to each of the hydrogen atoms?
single (nonpolar) covalent
