week 3
New-organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration. T/F
False
While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins. What is the significance of this finding?
Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease
Increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which patient symptom?
edema
High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle, because it increases
afterload
Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a
communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery
Aortic regurgitation is associated with
diastolic murmur
In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with
high cardiac output
The prevalence of high blood pressure is higher in
non-Hispanic black adults
A patient with heart failure who reports intermittent shortness of breath during the night is experiencing
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Cardiogenic shock is characterized by
reduced cardiac output
Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of ___ from juxtaglomerular cells
renin
Atherosclerotic plaques with large lipid cores are prone to
rupture
the ingestion of certain drugs, foods, or chemicals can lead to secondary hypertension
true
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the
conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic heart failure is
digitalis
A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient's symptomology is most likely related to
hypotension
Lusitropic impairment refers to
impaired diastolic relaxation
A patient who was involved in a fall from a tree becomes short of breathe. The lung sounds are absent on one side. The patient is experiencing ___ shock.
obstructive
Hypertension is closely linked to
obstructive sleep apnea
An abnormally wide (more than 0.10 second) QRS complex is a characteristic of
premature ventricular complexes
First-degree heart block is characterized by
prolonged PR interval
Left-sided heart failure is characterized by
pulmonary congestion
A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit
pulmonary congestion with dyspnea
Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to
pulmonary stenosis
Hypertension with a specific, identifiable cause is known as ___ hypertension
secondary
A patient with cold and edematous extremities, low cardiac output, and profound hypotension is likely to be experiencing a progressive stage of ____ shock.
septic
a laboratory test that should be routinely monitored in patients receiving digitalis therapy is
serum potassium
Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock?
Crystalloids
Sepsis has been recently redefined as
a systemic inflammatory response to infection
In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?
Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 BPM
In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 ml of blood, who has normal BP when supine, but experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing
Class II, compensated stage
A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock?
Septic
Cor pulmonale refers to
a right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pulmonary hypertension
Which BP reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria?
128/82
What results when systemic BP is increased
Vasoconstriction
Which dysrhythmia is thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms?
Preexcitation syndrome tachycardia (Wolf Parkinson-White syndrome)
Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine BP of 110/70 and a HR of 100?
Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118
What compensatory sign would be expected during periods of physical exertion in a patient with limited ventricular stroke volume?
Tachycardia
Lactated Ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used crystalloid solutions that contain electrolytes. T/F
True
Myocarditis should be suspected in a patient who presents with
acute onset of left ventricular dysfunction