Week 4 check your understanding
hypotension, distended neck veins, muffled heart sounds
Cardiac tamponade
Low cardiac output in association with high preload is characteristic of _____ shock
Cardiogenic
Patients with structural evidence of heart failure who exhibit no signs or symptoms are classified into which New York Heart Association heart failure class
Class 1
Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock
Crystalloids
New-organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration
False
A patient presents to the emergency department with diastolic blood pressure of 132 mm Hg, retinopathy ,and symptoms of an ischemic stroke this symptomology is likely the result of
Hypertensive crisis
A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit
pulmonary congestion with dyspnea
Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of
Peripheral pooling of blood
While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of my cardia infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). What is the significance of this finding
Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease
disseminated intravascular coagulation is a serious complication of septic shock characterized by abnormal clot formation in the microvasculature throughout the body.
True
Sepsis has been recently redefined as
A systemic inflammatory response to infection
Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence ot
B-hemolytic streptococcal infection
Which serum biomaker(s) are indicative of irreversible damage to myocardial cells?
Elevated ck-mb, tropanin I, and troponin
A patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. The patient is hyperventilating and is therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis
False
A type of shock that includes brain trauma that results in depression of the vast motor center is cardiogenic
False
Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their
Mean arterial
Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they introduce production of
Nitric oxide
Which dysrhythmia is thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms
Preexcitation syndrome tachycardia (Wolf-Parkinson-white syndrome)
cardiogenic shock is characterized by
Reduced cardiac output
The majority of tachydysrhythmias are believed to occur because of
Reentry mechanisms
Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of ______ from juxtaglomerular cells
Renin
The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (mi) is
ST- segement elevation
A patient with cold and edematous extremities, low cardiac output, and hypotension is likely to be experiencing a progressive stage of _____ shock
Septic
A laboratory test that should be routinely monitored in patients receiving digitalis therapy is
Serum potassium
A patient with a history of my cardiac infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is.
Stable angina
Improvement in a patient with septic shock is indicated by an increase in
Systemic vascular resistance
A patient who reports dizziness and who has absent P waves, wide QRS complexes, and a heart rate of 38 beats/minute on an ECG is most likely in which rhythm?
Ventricular escape rhythm.
Mitral stenosis is associated with
a pressure gradient across the mitral valve
First-degree heart block is characterized by
prolonged PR interval
Pulse pressure is defined as
systolic pressure - diastolic pressure
What results when systemic blood pressure is increased?
vasoconstriction
The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is
vasodilation
Patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no St segment elevation are treated with
Anti-platelet drug
The majority of Cardiac cells that die after myocardial infartion do so because of
Apoptosis
In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?
Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 Beats/min
In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 ml of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences ortnostatic hypotension upon standing?
Class ll, compensated stage
Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (mi) is directed at
Decreasing myocardial oxygen demands
Overproduction of nitric oxide is an important aspect ot I'm pathophysiologic process of what type at shock
Septic
Lactated ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used crystalloids solutions that contain electrolytes..
True
The ingestion of certain drugs, food, or chemicals can lead to secondary hypertension
True