Week 4 check your understanding

hypotension, distended neck veins, muffled heart sounds

Cardiac tamponade

Low cardiac output in association with high preload is characteristic of _____ shock

Cardiogenic

Patients with structural evidence of heart failure who exhibit no signs or symptoms are classified into which New York Heart Association heart failure class

Class 1

Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock

Crystalloids

New-organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration

False

A patient presents to the emergency department with diastolic blood pressure of 132 mm Hg, retinopathy ,and symptoms of an ischemic stroke this symptomology is likely the result of

Hypertensive crisis

A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit

pulmonary congestion with dyspnea

Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of

Peripheral pooling of blood

While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of my cardia infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). What is the significance of this finding

Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease

disseminated intravascular coagulation is a serious complication of septic shock characterized by abnormal clot formation in the microvasculature throughout the body.

True

Sepsis has been recently redefined as

A systemic inflammatory response to infection

Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence ot

B-hemolytic streptococcal infection

Which serum biomaker(s) are indicative of irreversible damage to myocardial cells?

Elevated ck-mb, tropanin I, and troponin

A patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. The patient is hyperventilating and is therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis

False

A type of shock that includes brain trauma that results in depression of the vast motor center is cardiogenic

False

Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their

Mean arterial

Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they introduce production of

Nitric oxide

Which dysrhythmia is thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms

Preexcitation syndrome tachycardia (Wolf-Parkinson-white syndrome)

cardiogenic shock is characterized by

Reduced cardiac output

The majority of tachydysrhythmias are believed to occur because of

Reentry mechanisms

Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of ______ from juxtaglomerular cells

Renin

The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (mi) is

ST- segement elevation

A patient with cold and edematous extremities, low cardiac output, and hypotension is likely to be experiencing a progressive stage of _____ shock

Septic

A laboratory test that should be routinely monitored in patients receiving digitalis therapy is

Serum potassium

A patient with a history of my cardiac infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is.

Stable angina

Improvement in a patient with septic shock is indicated by an increase in

Systemic vascular resistance

A patient who reports dizziness and who has absent P waves, wide QRS complexes, and a heart rate of 38 beats/minute on an ECG is most likely in which rhythm?

Ventricular escape rhythm.

Mitral stenosis is associated with

a pressure gradient across the mitral valve

First-degree heart block is characterized by

prolonged PR interval

Pulse pressure is defined as

systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

What results when systemic blood pressure is increased?

vasoconstriction

The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is

vasodilation

Patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no St segment elevation are treated with

Anti-platelet drug

The majority of Cardiac cells that die after myocardial infartion do so because of

Apoptosis

In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?

Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 Beats/min

In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 ml of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences ortnostatic hypotension upon standing?

Class ll, compensated stage

Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (mi) is directed at

Decreasing myocardial oxygen demands

Overproduction of nitric oxide is an important aspect ot I'm pathophysiologic process of what type at shock

Septic

Lactated ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used crystalloids solutions that contain electrolytes..

True

The ingestion of certain drugs, food, or chemicals can lead to secondary hypertension

True