Week 7 Urinary System
Renal columns are
bundles of tissue that extends between pyramids from the cortex
Urine passes, in the order given, through which of the following structures
collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra
Which of these components of the nephron is largely confined to the renal medulla
collecting ducts
The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the
distal convoluted tubule
Agents that increase urine excretion are known as
diuretics
Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the
efferent arteriole
The urinary system does all of the following, except
excretes excess albumen molecules
The outermost layer of the kidney is the
fibrous capsule
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term calyx
final urine enters here
One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to
increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex
Major calyces are
large branches of the renal pelvis
All of the following are true of the kidneys, except that they are
located partly within the pelvic cavity (not located in a position that is retroperitoneal, surrounded by a fibrous capsule, held in place by the renal fascia, covered by peritoneum)
The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the
nephron loop (loop of Henle)
The _____ delivers urine to a minor calyx
papillary duct
The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the _____ capillaries
peritubular
Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called
pyramids
Filtration of plasma takes place in the
renal corpuscle
Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule and the glomerulus make up the
renal corpuscle
The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the
renal pelvis
During the micturition reflex,
stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall sends impulses to the sacral cord and parasympathetic motor neurons that control the detrusor muscle become active only
Which of the following is greater
the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the nephron loop (loop of Henle)
The region known as the macula densa is part of
the distal convoluted tubule
The process of filtration occurs at
the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule
The position of the kidneys in the abdominal cavity is stabilized by
the overlying peritoneum, contact with adjacent visceral organs, and supporting connective tissues
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term renal papilla
tip of the medullary pyramid
The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by _____ epithelium
transitional
Urine is eliminated through the
urethra
Approximately _____ liters of glomerular filtrate enter glomerular capsules each day
180
The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney 1. afferent arteriole 2. arcuate artery 3. interlobar artery 4. renal artery 5. glomerulus 6. cortical radiate artery 7. efferent arteriole 8. peritubular capillary The proper order in which blood passes through these vessels is
4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8
The kidneys are retroperitoneal, and the renal arteries branch directly off the abdominal aorta
Both parts of the statement are true
A glomerulus is
a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle
A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. This may be due to
absence of ADH
The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is
absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water
When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases
both more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases
The kidneys not only remove waste products from the blood, they also assist in the regulation of
all of these (blood volume, blood pH, BP, blood ion levels)
Autoregulation of the rate of glomerular filtration has which of the following properties
all of these (depends on changes in the afferent arteriole, maintains glomerular filtration over a wide range of blood pressures, depends on changes in the efferent arteriole)
Functions of the urinary system include
all of these (regulation of blood volume and blood pressure, regulation of plasma concentration of certain ions, helping to stabilize blood pH, conservation of valuable nutrients)
The detrusor muscle
compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra
The majority of glomeruli are located in the _____ of the kidney
cortex
The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the
hilum
If a urine sample is distinctly yellow in color, which of the following will be true
it will contain large amounts of urochrome