Week 7 Urinary System

Renal columns are

bundles of tissue that extends between pyramids from the cortex

Urine passes, in the order given, through which of the following structures

collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

Which of these components of the nephron is largely confined to the renal medulla

collecting ducts

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

distal convoluted tubule

Agents that increase urine excretion are known as

diuretics

Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the

efferent arteriole

The urinary system does all of the following, except

excretes excess albumen molecules

The outermost layer of the kidney is the

fibrous capsule

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term calyx

final urine enters here

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to

increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex

Major calyces are

large branches of the renal pelvis

All of the following are true of the kidneys, except that they are

located partly within the pelvic cavity (not located in a position that is retroperitoneal, surrounded by a fibrous capsule, held in place by the renal fascia, covered by peritoneum)

The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the

nephron loop (loop of Henle)

The _____ delivers urine to a minor calyx

papillary duct

The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the _____ capillaries

peritubular

Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called

pyramids

Filtration of plasma takes place in the

renal corpuscle

Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule and the glomerulus make up the

renal corpuscle

The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the

renal pelvis

During the micturition reflex,

stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall sends impulses to the sacral cord and parasympathetic motor neurons that control the detrusor muscle become active only

Which of the following is greater

the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the nephron loop (loop of Henle)

The region known as the macula densa is part of

the distal convoluted tubule

The process of filtration occurs at

the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule

The position of the kidneys in the abdominal cavity is stabilized by

the overlying peritoneum, contact with adjacent visceral organs, and supporting connective tissues

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term renal papilla

tip of the medullary pyramid

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by _____ epithelium

transitional

Urine is eliminated through the

urethra

Approximately _____ liters of glomerular filtrate enter glomerular capsules each day

180

The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney 1. afferent arteriole 2. arcuate artery 3. interlobar artery 4. renal artery 5. glomerulus 6. cortical radiate artery 7. efferent arteriole 8. peritubular capillary The proper order in which blood passes through these vessels is

4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8

The kidneys are retroperitoneal, and the renal arteries branch directly off the abdominal aorta

Both parts of the statement are true

A glomerulus is

a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle

A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. This may be due to

absence of ADH

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases

both more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases

The kidneys not only remove waste products from the blood, they also assist in the regulation of

all of these (blood volume, blood pH, BP, blood ion levels)

Autoregulation of the rate of glomerular filtration has which of the following properties

all of these (depends on changes in the afferent arteriole, maintains glomerular filtration over a wide range of blood pressures, depends on changes in the efferent arteriole)

Functions of the urinary system include

all of these (regulation of blood volume and blood pressure, regulation of plasma concentration of certain ions, helping to stabilize blood pH, conservation of valuable nutrients)

The detrusor muscle

compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra

The majority of glomeruli are located in the _____ of the kidney

cortex

The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the

hilum

If a urine sample is distinctly yellow in color, which of the following will be true

it will contain large amounts of urochrome