Week 9 Gi tract

Joe presented to his physician complaining of watery diarrhea. When his stool was assayed, it was 300 mOsM. The sum of the sodium and chloride content totaled 180 mOsM. What type of diarrhea did Joe have? B. Secretory diarrhea A. Osmotic diarrhea C. Insufficient data to determine

A. Osmotic diarrhea

What type of motility is observed in the esophagus during ingestion of food? A. Peristalsis B. Segmentation C. Migrating motor complex D. Mass movement

A. Peristalsis

Consider the following case: A 20 year old male develops severe diarrhea for 2 days. Will this affect his acid base status and if so, how? A. Yes. Metabolic acidosis B. Yes. Metabolic alkalosis C. No. acid-base status remains unchanged

A. Yes. Metabolic acidosis

Waste products are concentrated in the ____. B. stomach A. colon E. esophagus D. duodenum C. small intestine

A. colon

What side effect would you predict from chronic use of a proton pump inhibitor? A. increased gastrin secretion B. increased plasma pH C. increased pepsin activity D. increased secretin secretion

A. increased gastrin secretion

Consider the following case: A 20 year old male develops severe diarrhea for 2 days. Will this condition alter his ventilation and if so, how? A. increased minute ventilation B. decreased minute ventilation C. minute ventilation is unchanged

A. increased minute ventilation

Which of the following factors decreases acid secretion at the level of the stomach? B. amino acids E. A and B C. water A. protons D. glucose

A. protons

Parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor, a carrier protein critical for the absorption of _______. B. vitamin K A. vitamin B12 D. vitamin C C. vitamin A

A. vitamin B12

Which of the following correctly describes the role of a paracrine in digestion? D. Acetylcholine increases the secretion of histamine A. Gastrin increases the secretion of histamine. B. Somatostatin inhibits the secretion of gastrin. C. Secretin inhibits the secretion of gastrin

B. Somatostatin inhibits the secretion of gastrin.

Consider the following case. A 21 year old male develops severe vomiting for 48 hours. Will this change his acid-base status and if so, how? A. Yes. Metabolic acidosis B. Yes. Metabolic alkalosis C. No. acid-base status remains unchanged

B. Yes. Metabolic alkalosis

Consider the following case. A 21 year old male develops severe vomiting for 48 hours. Will this alter his minute ventilation and if so, how? A. increased minute ventilation B. decreased minute ventilation C. minute ventilation is unchanged

B. decreased minute ventilation

Ingesting antacids with and after a meal to maintain gastric pH > 6.0 will cause a greater than normal secretion of ____. A. nitric oxide (NO) C. somatostatin B. gastrin D. secretin

B. gastrin

the parietal cells secrete ___ into the lumen of the GI tract. H. gastrin B. intrinsic factor D. HCO3- A. histamine E. mucus G. Acetylcholine (Ach) F. somatostatin C. pepsinogen

B. intrinsic factor

The hormone _____ stimulates strong smooth muscle contractions in the stomach. A. somatostatin B. motilin C. secretin D. cholecystokinin (CCK)

B. motilin

The cephalic phase of gastric HCl secretion is mediated by: A. sympathetic nervous activity B. parasympathetic nervous activity C. somatic nervous activity

B. parasympathetic nervous activity

During the ingestion of a meal, the primary type of contraction occurring in the esophagus is ___. A. segmentation C. tonic contraction B. peristalsis D. migrating myoelectric complex (MMC)

B. peristalsis

Which of the following occurs between meals? A. stomach luminal pH is highest. B. secretion of somatostatin by D cells is increased. C. concentration of HCl is decreased. D. secretion of gastrin is increased.

B. secretion of somatostatin by D cells is increased.

Chyme is produced in the ____ A. colon D. duodenum C. esophagus E. liver B. stomach

B. stomach

What is the function of the migratory motor complex (MMC)? D. Non-motile state occurs during fasting. A. Propulsive motility used to move food along the tract during fed states B. Motility between adjacent segments used for mixing food during fed states C. Intermittent motility sweeps clean the GI tract during fasting states.

C. Intermittent motility sweeps clean the GI tract during fasting states.

Acid secretion by the parietal cells involves the primary active transport of H+ in exchange for: A. Na+ B. Cl- C. K+ D. HCO3-

C. K+

Dr. Smith has acid reflux following each meal due to elevated secretion of HCl. The most effective means to reduce his symptoms would be to prescribe ____. B. a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) C. a proton pump inhibitor A. an antacid (TUMS) D. an histamine receptor antagonist

C. a proton pump inhibitor

Acidic chyme is neutralized rapidly in the ____. A. ileum D. jejunum E. colon B. pancreas duct C. duodenum

C. duodenum

Normally the activation of pancreatic enzymes occurs within the lumen of the: B. stomach D. esophagus A. ileum C. duodenum E. pancreatic duct

C. duodenum

Chief cells secrete _____. A. histamine B. intrinsic factor D. HCO3- C. pepsinogen E. mucus

C. pepsinogen

Glucose is absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and delivered to the blood stream by _________. B. simple diffusion A. active transport C. secondary active transport

C. secondary active transport

What is the dominant mechanism for entry of amino acids into the body? A. simple diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. secondary active transport D. active transport

C. secondary active transport

Site where most absorption occurs is the _____ E. esophagus D. gall bladder A. colon C. small intestine B. stomach

C. small intestine

Pancreatic duct cells secrete ___. A. histamine B. intrinsic factor E. somatostatin D. HCO3- C. pepsinogen

D. HCO3-

Parietal cells secrete into blood ____ C. pepsinogen B. intrinsic factor E. somatostatin A. histamine D. HCO3-

D. HCO3-

Jim had severe diarrhea for 2 days. What would be the best way to rehydrate his body? A. drink water B. drink hypertonic coke C. drink sweeten tea D. drink isotonic salt solution containing sugar

D. drink isotonic salt solution containing sugar

Inactive enzymes (zymogens) are produced in the ______. B. esophagus A. small intestine E. liver D. pancreas C. salivary glands

D. pancreas

in the disease, sprue, the cells that line the small intestine have no microvilli resulting in____. C. Decreased absorption of foods by the small intestine B. Osmotic diarrhea due to unabsorbed foods entering the colon E. A, B, and C A. Decreased luminal digestion of foods within the small intestine. D. A and B

E. A, B, and C

Parasympathetic (vagus) nerve secretes ____. D. somatostatin A. histamine B. intrinsic factor E. Acetylcholine (ACh) C. norepinephrine (NorEPi)

E. Acetylcholine (ACh)

Conduit for rapid transit of food bolus is the ____. C. small intestine E. esophagus D. duodenum B. stomach A. colon

E. esophagus

Antral endocrine cells secrete ____ C. pepsinogen E. gastrin B. intrinsic factor D. HCO3- A. histamine

E. gastrin

Bile is produced in the _____. C. salivary glands B. small intestine D. pancreas F. gall bladder E. liver A. stomach

E. liver

Stomach surface epithelial cells secrete _____. C. pepsinogen B. intrinsic factor D. HCO3- E. mucus A. gastrin

E. mucus

Which of the following factors increase acid secretion at the level of the stomach? E. B and C C. gastrin A. acetyl choline (parasympathetic nerve stimulation) D. histamine F. A, C and D B. norepinephrine (sympathetic nerve stimulation)

F. A, C and D

Adds stored liver secretion to the duodenum via a duct_____. E. pancreas D. salivary glands A. colon C. small intestine F. liver G. gall bladder B. stomach

G. gall bladder