Wester Civ. II ch. 16 & 17 quiz
A less brutal approach to justice and punishment in the eighteenth century is associated with
Beccaria
The scientist-philosopher who provides a link between the scientists of the 17th century and the philosophes of the next was
Bernard de Fontenelle
The author of "The Progress of the Human Mind" and who became a victim of the French Revolution was
Condorcet
The leader of the Physiocrats and their advocacy of natural economic laws was
Francois Quesnay
Deism is the belief that
God created the universe but does not actively run it.
The eighteenth-century musical composition that has been called one of those rare works that appeal immediately to everyone, and yet is indisputably a masterpiece of the highest order is
Handel's "Messiah"
European music in the later eighteenth century is best associated with
Hayden and Mozart, who shifted the musical center from Italy and Germany to the Austrian Empire
The French painter whose work represented the continuing appeal of Neoclassicism was
Jacques-Louis David
Who said that individuals would be forced to be free if they did not obey the general will?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Carnival was celebrated in the weeks leading up to
Lent
An early female philosophe who published a translation of Newton's Principia and who was the mistress of Voltaire was
Marquise du Chatelet
The English writer who argued in "A Serious Proposal to the Ladies" that women should
Mary Astell
The strongest statement and vindication of women's rights during the Enlightenment was made by
Mary Wollstonecraft
The Eighteenth-century composer considered to be the most innovative who composed the opera "The Marriage of Figaro" was
Mozart
The recognized capital of the Enlightenment was
Paris
Voltaire was the author of
Treatise on Toleration
True or false: John Locke influenced the eighteenth century Enlightenment through his theory of knowledge and concept of the tabula rasa.
True
True or false: Rousseau, whose novel Émilie emphasized the heart and sentiment, served as a precursor of the Romantic movement of the early nineteenth century.
True
According to The Social Contract, the "general will" was
a social consensus to which the individual must bow.
The religious movement that came to be known as Methodism
became a separate and independent sect from the Anglican Church
John Locke's tabula rasa refers to
blank mind
The purpose of Diderot's encyclopedia, according to him, was to
change the general way of thinking
By the end of the eighteenth century,
corporal and capital punishment were on the decline
High culture in eighteenth-century Europe was characterized by the
enormous impact of publishing industry
The Rococo artistic style of the eighteenth century was
evident in the masterpieces of Balthasar Neumann
True or false: Adam Smith's "The Wealth of Nations" was a forceful rejection of the doctrine of laissez-faire
false
True or false: Denise Diderot was an ardent Christian
false
True or false: Mozart's most famous piece was his "Saint Matthew's Passion"
false
True or false: The great scientific discoveries of the seventeenth century, such as Galileo, Kepler, and Newton, pursued their exploration of science in an explicit attempt to question and undermine religion
false
True or false: The eighteenth-century English historian Edward Gibbon blamed the downfall of ancient Rome on the pagan religious practices and sexual excesses of the Roman Empire.
false (he believed Christianity was the downfall)
A cheap and popular alcoholic drink in eighteenth-century England was
gin
Pogroms were
instances of massacring and looting of Jewish communities.
The growth of reading and publishing in the eighteenth century was aided and characterized by the development of
magazines for the general public
Eighteenth-century writers, especially in England, used this new form of literary expression to attack the hypocrisies of the era and provide the sentimental entertainment to growing numbers of readers
novels
The works of Fontanelle
popularize a growing skepticism toward the claims of religion
In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued that the best political system in modern society is one where
power is divided between three branches of government
According to Rousseau, the source of inequality and the chief cause of crimes was
private property
Johann Sebastian Bach
produced religious music as a way to worship God.
Rousseau's influential novel, Emile, deals with these key Enlightenment themes:
proper child rearing and human education
Isaac Newton and John Locke
provided inspiration for the Enlightenment by arguing that through rational reasoning and the acquisition of knowledge one could discover natural laws governing all aspects of human society.
Voltaire was best known for his criticism of
religious intolerance
Adam Smith believed that government
should not interfere in people's economic decisions.
In eighteenth-century Europe, churches, both Catholic and Protestant,
still played a major role in social and spiritual areas
Enlightenment thinkers can be understood as secularists because they strongly recommended
the application of the scientific method to the analysis and understanding of all aspects of human life
European intellectual life in the eighteenth century was marked by
the emergence of secularization and a search to find the natural laws governing human life
The belief in natural laws underlying all areas of human life led to
the emergence of the "science of man."
The French philosophes mostly included people from
the nobility and middle class
The Rococo artist Antoine Watteau emphasized
the pleasure and joy of aristocratic life
True or false: "Pietism" refers to an emphasis on the mystical experience of God as a conduit of faith.
true
True or false: Although Many European rulers desired to emulate the size and grandiosity of Versailles, they usually adopted the Baroque-Rococo architectural style rather than the French classical style of Louis XIV's palace.
true
True or false: The French Physiocrats, in their belief in natural economic laws, were harsh critics of economic mercantilism
true
The Encyclopedia
was a 28-volume compilation of articles by many influential philosophes.
Montesquieu's "Persian Letters"
was a method that allowed him to criticize the Catholic Church and the French monarchy.
The french philosophes
were literate intellectuals who meant to change the world through reason and rationality.
The Jews of eighteenth-century Europe
were most free when they were participating in banking and commercial activities in tolerant cities