western civ exam 1
persian wars
Athens supported ionian Greeks in their revolt against Persia. -Greeks, Sparta and Athens cooperate to repel Persian invasion. -The mature Athenian Democracy with popular participation by citizens.
Hellenic age
refers to the period in which we see the rise of the Greek city-states like Athens and Sparta. Pure Greek.
solon
reformer emphasized dike (justice)
Mesopotamian view of life and their Gods, Epic of Gilgamesh
religion - the basis of Mesopotamian civilization the epic of Gilgamesh describes mood of pessimism and despair among mesopotamians
Hebrew view of god
single fully sovereign god god was above nature and the lord's handiwork god was merciful and gracious and attentive to human needs. monotheism.
parthenon
the main temple in athens of the goddess athena.
Pisistratus
tyrant made culture accessible to commoners.
Peloponnesian Wars
a war fought between Athens and Sparta in the 400s BC, ending in a victory for Sparta
Herodotus
'Father of History', stressed importance of research
satraps / satrapies
(governors), roads, local autonomy, Aramaic language, phoenician alphabet, post office, weights, measures, currency (lydian s)
stoicism
(philosophy) the philosophical system of the Stoics following the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno
Sparta
-army -land based, Garrison state espousing disciplined and dedicated loyalty to the state to maintain a slaveocracy.
athens
-navy -maritime power with distinct economic classes.
helots
-slave -can't rise up, not illegal to kill one.
polis
A city-state in ancient Greece
Arete
A jagged, narrow ridge that separates two adjacent glacier valleys or cirques.
Delian League
An alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians
socrates
An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes.
Pericles
Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon.
homeric epics
Homer wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey. universal order to things. -"wicked arrogance"
land between 2 rivers
Mesopotamia (Tigris - Euphrates river system) Babylonian and Assyrian empires
Sappho
One of the great poets of the ancient Greeks; her poetry developed the complexities of the inner workings of human beings and love.
Akhenaten
Pharaoh Amenhotep worship one God, sun god, Aton monotheism in Egypt
Plato and the Republic
The Rational society - the just state - rule by philosopher king.
sumerians
a member of the indigenous non-semitic people of ancient Babylonia.
Zoroastrianism
choice between good and evil - ethical religion, no magic, not polytheistic
Mycenaeans
civilization in the Peloponnesus made up of small city states and left legacy of religion, technology and heroic ideas. (warrior people who eventually died out)
Minoans
civilization that lasted for 1,350 years and was known for its magnificent palace complexes.
Cleisthenes
democrat , An aristocrat, created a council of 500 and helped from Athenian democracy
mythopoeic
giving rise to myths; pertaining to the creation of the myth.
Hebrews
monotheism, prophets, babylonian captivity, view of God as covenant (agreement) with people
neolithic age
new stone age development of human technology commenced with farming - Neolithic revolution early settlements clothing pottery
paleolithic age
old stone age - tool making use of fire development of language mythic belief agriculture / domestication of animals families / villages
Hellenistic age
period of Greek history marked by great political and cultural change; ruled by Alexander the Great
Greeks and hebrews
spiritual ancestors
Aristotle
synthesis of Greek thought -learning through use of one's senses.
ma'at
the Egyptian concept of truth, justice, and cosmic order, represented by a goddess, often portrayed with a feather upon her head
cuneiform
writing related to the ancient writings of Mesopotamia and Persia surviving mainly impressed on clay tablets.
