westernciv ch 14

How did the encomienda system function?

The Spanish Crown granted conquerors the right to employ or demand tribute from groups of Native Americans in exchange for providing food and shelter.

The motivations for European explorers included all of the following except

fear of the Black Death.

Which of the following best characterizes the immigration patterns (forced and unforced) of Europeans and Africans to the Americas between 1500 and 1800?

About four times as many Africans migrated to America as did Europeans.

Most women who crossed the Atlantic to the Americas were

Africans

What became Cortés's crucial advantage in his conquest of the Mexica Empire?

Cortés was able to exploit internal dissention within the Mexica Empire.

How did Europeans initially justify the enslavement of Africans?

Enslavement benefited the Africans by bringing Christianity to them.

Which of the following best characterizes the role of Europe in the world trading system prior to the voyage of Columbus?

Europe was a minor outpost that produced few products desired by other civilizations.

The European voyages of the fifteenth century derived from a desire to share in the wealth of the

Indian Ocean trade.

Bartolomé de Las Casas asserted that the

Indians had human rights.

How did Michel de Montaigne offer a counterpoint to Europe's growing imperial activities?

Montaigne rejected the notion that one culture is superior to another.

After losing access to slave trading from the Black Sea, the Genoese obtained all of the following as slaves except

Portuguese peasants.

Portugal's participation in European expansion was given critical support by

Prince Henry.

How did the introduction of Ptolemy's Geography mislead European cartographers?

Ptolemy asserted that the world was much smaller than it actually is, indicating that Asia was not far removed from Europe to the west.

How did the Spanish respond to the trap set by the Inca king Atahualpa?

The Spanish ambushed and captured Atahualpa, holding him for ransom and then executing him.

What was the primary cause of the emergence of inflation in Spain in the sixteenth century?

The inability of Spanish agriculture and manufacturing to meet the growing demand for goods

How did the English and French seek a route to East Asia?

They sought a northwest passage across North America.

The Treaty of Tordesillas

divided the Atlantic Ocean with an imaginary line, giving Spain control of everything west of the line and Portugal everything east of the line.

The group of people who benefited the most from large price increases in the sixteenth century was the

middle class.

At the time of his death, Columbus believed the islands he found were

off the coast of Asia.

In the seventeenth century, the Dutch East India Company

took over much of the East Indies from Portugal.