WGU : introduction to IT : CHPT 5 computer software

windows file structure ?

- a backward slash (\) is used to express directory paths; - Windows is not case sensitive when searching for files, which means capitalization is irrelevant; Windows root directory is referred to by letter, commonly C drive; and the user's home directory is found within C:\Users.

example of system software :

1. microsoft windows , Linux , Mac OS X , DOS

Software Hierarchy

1.software = application + system 2. system = utility + operating system 3. operating system = user interface + kernel

operating system + accounts

Accounts are established by the administrator, whose account is often called a superuser or root account. When the end user supplies the proper credentials during the log-in procedure, the user is given access to the operating system. Administrators can alter settings, modify critical software packages, and perform other maintenance activities denied to other users.

common high level programming languages

C++, Python, JavaScript, TCL, PHP

are a type of user interface that communicate with end users through textual messages using a keyboard and monitor.

Command-line interfaces (CLIs)

Which statement is not true of compilers? All errors must be debugged before a compiler can compile the source code. Compilers do not translate source code into machine code. Interpreters translate and execute one line of source code at a time. Perl and Python are examples of programming languages that use an interpreter.

Compilers do not translate source code into machine code. Compilers translate source code into machine code.

allow end users to issue commands through input devices such as mouses, keyboards, or touch screens. On a touch screen, a user can directly manipulate icons with their finger or a stylus.

GUI's

one of the post popular programming languages ?

Java

Open-source systems allow individuals and organizations to open and modify the operating system's kernel, the heart of the operating system.

Linux

Linux

Linux is open-source operating system software. There are many different versions of Linux, referred to as flavors, including Linux Mint, Mandrake, Fedora, Ubuntu, Debian, and CentOS. These operating systems are free for anyone to use. However, there are vendors (e.g., Red Hat, Cisco) that offer Linux-based operating systems, adding cost for support and/or hardware.

Mac OS

Mac is developed by Apple. Previous versions of Mac operating systems include Snow Leopard, Lion, and Mountain Lion. Like Microsoft, Apple's operating systems are closed-source. Mac operating systems are known for their media editing and graphic rendering capabilities.

Display audio, video, image, and text content Real Player VLC Player Media Player

Multimedia software

Manage contracts, calendars, tasks, notes, and reminders Microsoft Outlook Google Calendar

Personal information managers

has no EULA and no intellectual property protections and is available for anyone to download and use at their own discretion.

Public domain software

examples of application software ?

Spreadsheet, database, desktop publishing, accounting, and program development software

memory mgmt task

The memory manager manages the system's primary main memory. When a computer is performing a single task, managing the memory is minimal. When a computer is performing many tasks simultaneously, the duties of the memory manager are extensive. The memory manager needs to find and assign the main memory space for each of the processes and restrict the actions of each process to the memory space allocated to that program. When more main memory space is needed, the memory manager can create an illusion of additional space by rotating programs and data between the primary and secondary memory, a technique called paging. The additional memory space created in secondary memory by paging is referred to as virtual memory.

provides the infrastructure needed to run application software, allowing it to interface with the hardware of the computer system.

The system software

allows end users to communicate with the operating system.

The user interface

Windows

Windows is developed by Microsoft. Previous versions of Windows desktop operating systems include Windows XP, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Vista, and currently Windows 10. At the time of this writing, Windows is closed-source with a subscription model. Windows intends to keep the operating system name as Windows 10, but continue adding versions to each update. Windows desktop operating systems are common for personal computers (PCs). Typically, Microsoft products are known for their easy-to-use design.

Which of the following is not true of Windows and Linux? 1. Linux is case-sensitive. 2.Linux places the home directory within the /home/. 3. Windows uses the forward slash (/) to express directory paths. 4. Windows' root directory is referred to by a letter. correct

Windows uses the forward slash (/) to express directory paths.

translates source code into machine language.

a compiler checks source code for errors before translating it into object code. If the source code is found to have errors, the compiler specifies the errors. Errors must be resolved (also known as debugged) before the compiler can successfully recompile the source code. C, C++, C#, and Java programs need compilers to execute.

linus file structure

a forward slash (/) is used to express directory paths; Linux is case-sensitive; the root directory in Linux is expressed as a single forward slash; most flavors of Linux place the home directory within the /home/.

Where are the basic functions of the operating system located? Applications Kernel Utility software File manager

answer : kernel The kernel sits at the core of the operating system and manages basic functions such as file management.

software can divided into what ?

application and system software .

specific-purpose software used to perform a specific task.

application software

person who can help choose best programming language

architecture engineer

Target users of application software fall into one of the following three categories:

bespoke, off-the-shelf, and hybrid.

delivers services, including computing, storage, databases, networks, software, analytics, and intelligence, thus offloading infrastructure resource requirements to the cloud service provider. Cloud applications, or cloud apps, are software units where cloud-based and local components work together to perform tasks.

cloud computing

improve how companies communicate, organize information and projects, and develop and execute ideas. These tools provide structure to tasks and improve employee efficiency.

collaboration , productivity and specialized software

written mostly in high-level languages like Java, C++, and Python.

computer software

Store and manage data, develop data-driven reports, and provide electronic filing ex. Microsoft Access Microsoft SQL Server MySQL

database software

referred to as middleware, facilitate the communication of hardware and software.

device driver

as the term suggests, free. However, freeware and shareware are both protected by end-user license agreements (EULA) and copyright laws (where applicable).

freeware

what is the file manager ?

function is to coordinate the machine's storage. The file manager maintains records of all the files stored in secondary storage, including where each file is stored, which users have access, and which portions of the storage are available for new files.

capability of uility software

include software to compress or decompress data, play multimedia presentations, and handle network communications.

translate and execute source code into machine language one line at a time.

interpreters

memory mgmt ?

is another component of an operating system's kernel.

internal part of an operating system.

kernel

Limitations of JavaScript

limitations it. the way it accesses and manages resources .

are application software stored on individual computers.

local applications

are mostly found on personal machines, as they are often impractical for large organizations.

local applications

closed-source, meaning they do not permit anyone to modify their operating system code.

microsoft and apple

Operating systems typically fall into one of two categories ?

network operating system or desktop operating system

Provide an online environment for running cloud-based services and applications ex. Office Online Microsoft SharePoin tGoogle Docs

online workplace

is tasked with protecting the computer's resources from unauthorized users.

operating system answer : When a computer is used by multiple people, each user is assigned their own account on the computer. A user account is a record within the operating system with information such as a name, password, and user privileges (e.g., administrator vs. standard user). The operating system uses this information during each log-in to control access to the system and resources.

ontrols the overall operation of a computer. It provides the ability for a user to store and retrieve files, facilitates a user interface to request the execution of programs, and maintains the environment necessary to execute programs.

operating system ( OS )

contain the user interface and the kernel of the operating system.

operating systems

GUI's

operating systems with graphical symbols representing files, programs, and documents

Create slides using graphs and simple animations to support presentations ex. Microsoft Power Powerpoint Open Office Impress Google Slides

presentation software

Software that people use to complete daily tasks is called

productivity software

is used to complete tasks such as writing documents, managing personal information, giving presentations, storing data, and sending email.

productivity software

is an application that can be installed as a trial limited by time and/or functionality. If the user decides to purchase the application or subscription, they then get the full functionality.

shareware

ways that software can be packaged

shareware, freeware, and public domain.

The collection of instructions written in a programming language

source code equires a language processor, which is a special-purpose system software used to translate the source code into machine code.

Create worksheets that perform calculations on financial and statistical data; generating charts, graphs, data visualizations, simple databases, grade books, and invoices ex. Microsoft ExcelOpenOffice CalcGoogle Sheets

spreadsheet software

is general-purpose software that is used to operate computer hardware.

system software

provides a platform to run application software.

system software

what does the kernel contain ?

the operating system components that perform the basic functions required by the computer installation. One such unit is the file manager whose function is to coordinate the machine's storage.

what if the interpreter finds an error

the process is terminated at the statement containing the error and displays an error message. The error must be resolved before the interpreter will continue to the next line. Interpreters convert instructions one statement at a time when the program is run. Perl and Python execute using interpreters.

extends the capabilities of an operating system.

utility software

System software can be divided into what

utility software and operating systems

three common operating systems ?

windows, MAC, Linux

Create business and personal documents such as letters, memos, newsletters, posters, and reportsMicrosoft WordGoogle DocsOpenOffice

word processing software