WH Ch. 8
Fighting between colonists and the British army began in April _______
1775
In the system of enlightened __________ rulers try to follow Enlightenment principles while keeping the royal _______.
Absolutism Powers
The states later approved ten ____________ to the Constitution, aka the __________________
Amendments Bill of Rights
The __________ of Confederation created an excessively ______ central government.
Articles Weak
What made the rococo style of art different from the earlier baroque style?
Baroque stressed grandeur and power rococo- Grace, charm, gentle action
The Great War for Empire, fought between __________ and France, took place in ________ and North America.
Britain India
George Washington was commander in chief of the ____________ Army.
Continental
Austria's ____________ implemented radical reforms; he abolished _________ and eliminated the death penalty.
Fredrick II Serfdom
What two reasons did Mary Wollstonecraft present for giving women equal rights?
Government based on the arbitrary power of monarchs was wrong and women have reason so they should have the same rights as men
Why was the Antoine Lavoisier important?
He invented the system for naming chemical elements that is still used today
How did Galileo revolutionize the field of astronomy?
He was the first person to use a telescope so he discovered heavenly bodies weren't orbs of light but we're made of materials like earth
The British colonies in North America each had ___________ that tended to act independently.
Legislatures
How did Locke's and Newton's ideas influence Enlightenment intellectuals?
Locke said everyone is born with a blank mind and Newton believed that the world is a giant machine. it led to thinkers focusing on creating a better society.
Using ____________ ideas, the government was separated into 3 branches: executive, legislative, ___________.
Montesquieu's Judicial
__________________ colonists resisted British actions and fought the American Revolution.
North American
The Treaty of _______ was signed in 1763 and left control of India to the _________.
Paris British
Where was Earth in Ptolemy's and Copernicus's conceptions of the universe?
Ptolemy- geocentric- earth was center of the universe Copernicus- heliocentric- thought sun was center
New ways of thinking, the invention of new instruments, and an emphasis on mathematics led to the _____________________.
Scientific Revolution
New views of the ___________ changed perceptions of the world and of human beings.
Universe
What instruments made scientific discoveries possible and helped ideas spread quickly?
telescope, microscope, and printing press
Eighteenth century rulers concern with the __________ of power among states led them to use their armies to conquer new lands.
Balance
The Constitutional Convention of 1787 created a ___________ system in which the national and state governments shared power.
Federal
Support from ___________, ___________, and the Dutch Republic helped the colonists win the American Revolution.
France Spain
Who discovered the universal law of gravitation?
Isaac newton
How does Rousseau's The Social Contract describe liberty?
It is achieved by being forced to follow what is best for the general will; when an entire society agrees to be governed by the general will "people are forced to be free"
What does laissez-faire mean, and who explained it in The Wealth Of Nations?
Let the people do what the want, Adam Smith State should not regulate the economy
After the Seven Years War, Britain imposed the ________________ and other taxes in an effort to cover its expenses.
Stamp Act
______________-tax on printed materials ______________- Americas first constitution ______________- met to revise the Articles of Confederation
Stamp Act Articles of Confederation Constitutional Convention
The enlightened absolutists were guided mostly by their interest in the power and welfare of their _______.
State
The War of the Austrian ____________ took place in Europe, Asia, and __________________
Succession North America
What is the scientific method and why did Francis Bacon develop and promote it?
Systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence, he believed it would lead to practical discoveries that would help people
In 1748, the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle was signed, which guaranteed that all ____________ would return to their original powers, except _________, which remained in the hands of Prussia.
Territories Silesia