WH Ch. 8

Fighting between colonists and the British army began in April _______

1775

In the system of enlightened __________ rulers try to follow Enlightenment principles while keeping the royal _______.

Absolutism Powers

The states later approved ten ____________ to the Constitution, aka the __________________

Amendments Bill of Rights

The __________ of Confederation created an excessively ______ central government.

Articles Weak

What made the rococo style of art different from the earlier baroque style?

Baroque stressed grandeur and power rococo- Grace, charm, gentle action

The Great War for Empire, fought between __________ and France, took place in ________ and North America.

Britain India

George Washington was commander in chief of the ____________ Army.

Continental

Austria's ____________ implemented radical reforms; he abolished _________ and eliminated the death penalty.

Fredrick II Serfdom

What two reasons did Mary Wollstonecraft present for giving women equal rights?

Government based on the arbitrary power of monarchs was wrong and women have reason so they should have the same rights as men

Why was the Antoine Lavoisier important?

He invented the system for naming chemical elements that is still used today

How did Galileo revolutionize the field of astronomy?

He was the first person to use a telescope so he discovered heavenly bodies weren't orbs of light but we're made of materials like earth

The British colonies in North America each had ___________ that tended to act independently.

Legislatures

How did Locke's and Newton's ideas influence Enlightenment intellectuals?

Locke said everyone is born with a blank mind and Newton believed that the world is a giant machine. it led to thinkers focusing on creating a better society.

Using ____________ ideas, the government was separated into 3 branches: executive, legislative, ___________.

Montesquieu's Judicial

__________________ colonists resisted British actions and fought the American Revolution.

North American

The Treaty of _______ was signed in 1763 and left control of India to the _________.

Paris British

Where was Earth in Ptolemy's and Copernicus's conceptions of the universe?

Ptolemy- geocentric- earth was center of the universe Copernicus- heliocentric- thought sun was center

New ways of thinking, the invention of new instruments, and an emphasis on mathematics led to the _____________________.

Scientific Revolution

New views of the ___________ changed perceptions of the world and of human beings.

Universe

What instruments made scientific discoveries possible and helped ideas spread quickly?

telescope, microscope, and printing press

Eighteenth century rulers concern with the __________ of power among states led them to use their armies to conquer new lands.

Balance

The Constitutional Convention of 1787 created a ___________ system in which the national and state governments shared power.

Federal

Support from ___________, ___________, and the Dutch Republic helped the colonists win the American Revolution.

France Spain

Who discovered the universal law of gravitation?

Isaac newton

How does Rousseau's The Social Contract describe liberty?

It is achieved by being forced to follow what is best for the general will; when an entire society agrees to be governed by the general will "people are forced to be free"

What does laissez-faire mean, and who explained it in The Wealth Of Nations?

Let the people do what the want, Adam Smith State should not regulate the economy

After the Seven Years War, Britain imposed the ________________ and other taxes in an effort to cover its expenses.

Stamp Act

______________-tax on printed materials ______________- Americas first constitution ______________- met to revise the Articles of Confederation

Stamp Act Articles of Confederation Constitutional Convention

The enlightened absolutists were guided mostly by their interest in the power and welfare of their _______.

State

The War of the Austrian ____________ took place in Europe, Asia, and __________________

Succession North America

What is the scientific method and why did Francis Bacon develop and promote it?

Systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence, he believed it would lead to practical discoveries that would help people

In 1748, the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle was signed, which guaranteed that all ____________ would return to their original powers, except _________, which remained in the hands of Prussia.

Territories Silesia