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Explain how political, economic, and cultural factors affected society from 1450 to 1750.

Although many European states had political effects including taking control of New World land from natives, economic desires that caused the division of many Sub-Saharan Africans from their home to serve in chattel slavery in the Americas and the cultural exchange that occurred from the Atlantic Ocean trade had the largest effects on society in 1450-1750.

Explain the continuities and changes in networks of exchange from 1450 to 1750.

During the period 1450 to 1750, the structures of African slave trade and Indian Ocean Trade Network remained largely the same despite European involvement, while the new Columbian Exchange and the massive increase in demand for slaves caused significant changes.

Explain how social categories, roles, and practices have been maintained or have changed over time.

Over time, empires such as the Ottomans and Mughals maintained practices to accommodate the ethnic and religious diversity of their inhabitants, while empires like the French and Japanese changed from toleration to suppression and limited the role of minority groups in society.

Explain the process of state building and expansion among various empires and states in the period from 1450 to 1750.

In the period 1450 to 1750, Portugal developed by establishing trading posts around the world and monopolizing the Indian Ocean spice trade, and the Spanish empire grew by colonizing the New World and trading American gold and silver via the Philippine Islands.

Explain the similarities and differences in how various belief systems affected societies from 2450 to 1750.

In the period 1450 to 1750, both Christianity and the native Mesoamerican religions had a strong role in the governments of the states where they were present; however, Christianity was able to spread beyond its continent of origin and survive, while the Mesoamerican religions could not and became extinct.

Explain the continuities and changes in economic systems and labor systems from 1450 to 1750.

In the period 1450 to 1750, economic systems such as the Indian Ocean Trade Network and the Mit'a System remained largely the same despite the influence of European powers; however, Europeans also introduced the new forms of labor, including the Hacienda System and chattel slavery to the Americas.

Explain how rulers employed economic strategies to consolidate and maintain power throughout the period from 1450 to 1750.

In the period 1450 to 1750, mercantilist policies and the establishment of overseas colonies by joint-stock companies were used by European rulers to consolidate and maintain power.

Explain the causes of the Columbian Exchange and its effects on the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

In the period 1450 to 1750, the causes of the Columbian Exchange included contact between Europeans and the natives, leading to the transfer go European diseases to the natives and the death of most of the natives in the Western Hemisphere, as well as the colonization of the Americas by Europeans resulting in the adoption of American foods like corn and potatoes in the Eastern hemisphere, leading to a population boom there.

Explain the economic causes and effects of maritime exploration by the various European states.

In the period 1450 to 1750, the economic causes of maritime exploration by the various European states included the lack of land expansion opportunities for Portugal, leading to sponsorship maritime exploration and a global trading post empire, and Spain's sponsorship of Columbus' voyage to find a new route to Asia, resulting in the discovery of the Americas and its wealth of silver.

Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750.

In the period 1450 to 1750, the legal rights of slaves in Africa and the method of capturing and selling them remained constant; however, there were significant changes in the amount of slaves sold because of the increased European demand, and chattel slavery was introduced to the Americas.

Describe the role of states in the expansion of maritime exploration from 1450-1750.

In the period 1450-1750, state sponsored exploration facilitated the growth of European states. Despite the Dutch having a large impact on maritime exploration by creating the New Netherlands, the Spanish being the first Europeans to arrive in the Americas and the Portuguese settling groups in India and China had the largest effects.

Explain how economic developments from 1450 to 1750 affected social structures over time.

In the period of 1450 to 1750, the economic systems related to the Triangular Trade affected the social structures by creating New World European social hierarchical systems in both the British and Spanish colonies.

Explain how cross cultural interactions resulted in the diffusion of technology and facilitated changes in patterns of trade and travel from 1450 to 1750.

Thesis: In the period 1450 to 1750, the cross-cultural interactions between Europe and Asia resulted in the diffusion of technology such as lateen sails and compasses, which enabled Europe to shift focus from land-based exchanges to maritime exploration and trade.


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