What is nursing?

Socialization to professional nursing

a process that involves learning the theory and skills necessary for the role of nurse

Criteria for a Profession

altruism body of knowledge and research accountability higher education autonomy code of ethics professional organization licensure diversity

Profession

an occupation that requires at a minimum specialized training and a specialized body of knowledge

Benner's Novice to Expert Model

novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert

Factors affecting health

Genetic Inheritance, Cognitive Abilities, Educational Level, Race and Ethnicity, Culture, Age and Gender, Developmental Level, Lifestyle, Environment, and Socioeconomic Status.

Theory of animism

Good spirits brought health; evil spirits brought sickness and death. Roles of nurse and physician separate and distinct: physician as medicine man; nurse as caring mother.

Promoting health

Identifying, analyzing, and maximizing each patient's individual strengths as components of preventing illness, restoring health, and facilitating coping with disability or death

Two types of licensed nurses

LPN/LVN and the RN Different scopes of practice Both must obtain a license to participate passing a specific licensure examination

Advanced nursing degrees

MSN, CNM, NP, CNS, CRNA

Nightingale's definition of nursing

"to put the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him" (1860)

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)

- adapted IOM competencies for nursing by adding safety - Patient centered care - Interdisciplinary team - Evidence based medicine - Quality improvement - Using information technology

LPN/LVN requires how many months of training

12-18 months; takes NCLEX-PN

What is nursing seen as?

A holistic profession that addresses the many dimensions necessary to fully care for a patient

Healthy people 2020 health promotion guidelines

Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.

Preventing illness

Educational programs in areas such as prenatal care for pregnant women, smoking-cessation programs, and stress-reduction seminars Community programs and resources encouraging healthy lifestyles Literature, TV, radio, or Internet information on healthy diet, exercise, and good health habits Health assessments in institutions, clinics, and community settings that identify areas of strength and risks for illness

Facilitating coping with disability and death

Maximizing person's strengths and potentials Patient teaching Referral to community support systems Providing end-of-care Hospice programs

Early Christian period

Nursing has formal and more clearly defined role; deaconesses made visits to the sick. Nursing developed purpose, direction, and leadership.

QSEN competencies

Patient-Centered Care Teamwork and Collaboration Evidence-Based Practice Quality Improvement Safety Informatics

Restoring health

Performing assessments that detect an illness Referring questions and abnormal findings to other health care providers, as appropriate Providing direct care to the person who is ill Collaborating with other health care providers in providing care Planning, teaching, and carrying out rehabilitation for illnesses such as heart attacks, arthritis, and strokes Working in mental health and chemical-dependency programs

Nurse's Aims

Promote health Prevent illness Restore health Facilitate coping with disability or death

Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN)

RN who has met advanced educational and clinical practice requirements at a minimum of a master's degree level and provides at least some level of direct care to patient populations

16th century

Shift from religious orientation to warfare, exploration, and knowledge expansion. Nursing had poor reputation (Low pay, long hours)

Guidelines for nursing practice

Standards of Nursing Practice Nurse Practice Acts and Licensure Nursing Process

Nursing as a professional discipline

Well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge Strong service orientation Recognized authority by a professional group Code of ethics Professional organization that sets standards Ongoing research Autonomy and self-regulation

Four Nursing Competencies?

cognitive, technical, interpersonal, ethical/legal

Nurse practice acts

provide the scope of practice defined by each state or jurisdiction and set forth the legal limits of nursing practice

Ethics

standards of right and wrong that influence behavior

ANA definition of nursing

the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations