What is Psychology?

this man introduced the concept of reinforcement; like Watson he did a lot of experiments with animals and applied many theories to people as well

B.F. Skinner

Now, many textbooks, programs, etc. use __________ theory of learning.

B.F. Skinner's

founder of experimental, cognitive, and social psychology; came up with conscious vs. conscience

Wilhelm Wundt

1st American psychologist; believed Wundt's "atoms" didn't exist in real life; said you couldn't separate experience from association; argues consciousness is a continuous stream

William James

What did John Watson do lots of experiments with?

animals

Why doesn't Gestalt psychology believe in Wundt's atoms?

because Gestalt psychologists believe experience can't be broken down into parts

What new train of thought did John Watson begin?

behaviorism

the school of psychology, founded by John Watson, that defines psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior; the belief that if psychology was to be a science (like chemistry or physics), instead of a social science it must be limited to observable, measurable events (behavior)

behaviorism

What psychological perspective does B.F. Skinner belong to?

behaviorist

What psychological perspective does John Watson belong to?

behaviorist

the moral compass that distinguishes right from wrong or good from bad

conscience

the state of alertness or awareness

conscious

Sigmund Freud was (still is) very __________.

controversial

Sigmund Freud laid the __________ for much of the personality and psychological disorder studies of today.

foundation

the school of psychology, founded by William James, that emphasizes the purposes of behavior and mental processes; theory of mental life and behavior that is concerned with how an organism uses its perceptual abilities to function in its environment

functionalism

What psychological perspective did William James belong to?

functionalist

Sigmund Freud is not given much real consideration now, but is still very __________.

influential

Learning is __________.

mechanical

Sigmund Freud says the denial or alteration of developmental stages would shape how we develop and contribute to our __________.

mental health

Gestalt psychology says perceptions are __________ than the sums of their parts.

more

What did Sigmund Freud believe about human development?

people develop through several stages in early life

What was Wilhelm Wundt's primary interest?

perception

Sigmund Freud developed __________ to discover the unconscious.

psychoanalysis

the school of psychology, founded by Sigmund Freud, that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as determinants of human behavior; during this, the patient would lie on the couch and use free association (whatever comes to mind); through this technique, Freud would be able to piece together what the unconscious wants

psychoanalysis

personality theories contending that behavior results from psychological dynamics that interact within the individual, often outside conscious awareness

psychodynamics

What did Wilhelm Wundt want his students to do?

remove previous perceptions and get to "atoms of consciousness"

What did Sigmund Freud believe many mental problems were due to?

sexual repression

the school of psychology, founded by Wilhelm Wundt, that maintains that conscious experience breaks down into objective sensations and subjective feelings; stresses the basic unit of experience and the combination in which they occur

structuralism

What psychological perspective does Edward Bradford Titchener belong to?

structuralist

What psychological perspective does Wilhelm Wundt belong to?

structuralist

What did Wilhelm Wundt define psychology as?

the study of the structure of conscious experience

What did B.F. Skinner believe about complex tasks?

they could be broken down into simple tasks

How did Wilhelm Wundt's students get to "atoms of consciousness?"

they would train in objective introspection- recording in minute detail thoughts, feelings, heart rate, respiration, etc. while listening to a metronome

How did Gestalt psychology believe problems can be solved?

with insight and understanding

What are the 3 parts of consciousness?

-physical sensations (what we see) -feelings (likes or dislikes) -images (memories)

student of Wundt; defined psychology as the science of consciousness; also broke consciousness down into 3 parts

Edward Bradford Titchener

a female having conflict with her mother and love for her father; they will marry someone like their father

Elektra complex

slip of the tongue; something is said that is not meant; usually has a sexual innuendo

Freudian slip

German for "shape" or "form"

Gestalt

the school of psychology that emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into meaningful wholes; studies how context influences one's interpretation of information

Gestalt psychology

this man defined psychology as the study of observable behavior; didn't believe consciousness could be studied because of this

John Watson

a male having conflict with his father and love for his mother; they will marry someone like their mother

Oedipus complex

Who came up with the Oedipus/Elektra complex?

Sigmund Freud

says free will is an illusion; also says we are driven by unconscious instincts and urges we are not aware of consciously; believed many health problems were related to psychological issues and not physiological

Sigmund Freud