What is Psychology?
this man introduced the concept of reinforcement; like Watson he did a lot of experiments with animals and applied many theories to people as well
B.F. Skinner
Now, many textbooks, programs, etc. use __________ theory of learning.
B.F. Skinner's
founder of experimental, cognitive, and social psychology; came up with conscious vs. conscience
Wilhelm Wundt
1st American psychologist; believed Wundt's "atoms" didn't exist in real life; said you couldn't separate experience from association; argues consciousness is a continuous stream
William James
What did John Watson do lots of experiments with?
animals
Why doesn't Gestalt psychology believe in Wundt's atoms?
because Gestalt psychologists believe experience can't be broken down into parts
What new train of thought did John Watson begin?
behaviorism
the school of psychology, founded by John Watson, that defines psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior; the belief that if psychology was to be a science (like chemistry or physics), instead of a social science it must be limited to observable, measurable events (behavior)
behaviorism
What psychological perspective does B.F. Skinner belong to?
behaviorist
What psychological perspective does John Watson belong to?
behaviorist
the moral compass that distinguishes right from wrong or good from bad
conscience
the state of alertness or awareness
conscious
Sigmund Freud was (still is) very __________.
controversial
Sigmund Freud laid the __________ for much of the personality and psychological disorder studies of today.
foundation
the school of psychology, founded by William James, that emphasizes the purposes of behavior and mental processes; theory of mental life and behavior that is concerned with how an organism uses its perceptual abilities to function in its environment
functionalism
What psychological perspective did William James belong to?
functionalist
Sigmund Freud is not given much real consideration now, but is still very __________.
influential
Learning is __________.
mechanical
Sigmund Freud says the denial or alteration of developmental stages would shape how we develop and contribute to our __________.
mental health
Gestalt psychology says perceptions are __________ than the sums of their parts.
more
What did Sigmund Freud believe about human development?
people develop through several stages in early life
What was Wilhelm Wundt's primary interest?
perception
Sigmund Freud developed __________ to discover the unconscious.
psychoanalysis
the school of psychology, founded by Sigmund Freud, that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as determinants of human behavior; during this, the patient would lie on the couch and use free association (whatever comes to mind); through this technique, Freud would be able to piece together what the unconscious wants
psychoanalysis
personality theories contending that behavior results from psychological dynamics that interact within the individual, often outside conscious awareness
psychodynamics
What did Wilhelm Wundt want his students to do?
remove previous perceptions and get to "atoms of consciousness"
What did Sigmund Freud believe many mental problems were due to?
sexual repression
the school of psychology, founded by Wilhelm Wundt, that maintains that conscious experience breaks down into objective sensations and subjective feelings; stresses the basic unit of experience and the combination in which they occur
structuralism
What psychological perspective does Edward Bradford Titchener belong to?
structuralist
What psychological perspective does Wilhelm Wundt belong to?
structuralist
What did Wilhelm Wundt define psychology as?
the study of the structure of conscious experience
What did B.F. Skinner believe about complex tasks?
they could be broken down into simple tasks
How did Wilhelm Wundt's students get to "atoms of consciousness?"
they would train in objective introspection- recording in minute detail thoughts, feelings, heart rate, respiration, etc. while listening to a metronome
How did Gestalt psychology believe problems can be solved?
with insight and understanding
What are the 3 parts of consciousness?
-physical sensations (what we see) -feelings (likes or dislikes) -images (memories)
student of Wundt; defined psychology as the science of consciousness; also broke consciousness down into 3 parts
Edward Bradford Titchener
a female having conflict with her mother and love for her father; they will marry someone like their father
Elektra complex
slip of the tongue; something is said that is not meant; usually has a sexual innuendo
Freudian slip
German for "shape" or "form"
Gestalt
the school of psychology that emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into meaningful wholes; studies how context influences one's interpretation of information
Gestalt psychology
this man defined psychology as the study of observable behavior; didn't believe consciousness could be studied because of this
John Watson
a male having conflict with his father and love for his mother; they will marry someone like their mother
Oedipus complex
Who came up with the Oedipus/Elektra complex?
Sigmund Freud
says free will is an illusion; also says we are driven by unconscious instincts and urges we are not aware of consciously; believed many health problems were related to psychological issues and not physiological
Sigmund Freud