What Makes a Computer a Computer

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Near Field Communication (NFC)

2-way communication between devices at low speed; often used in chip card reader

transistors

A semiconductor material used to change electrical signals

Von Neumann Model

Developed by Von Neumann in 1945; a design model that data and instructions are stored and fetched in memory

DVI

Digital Visual Interface; similar to HDMI but only displays images

Troubleshoot

Find and fix problems

HDMI

High-definition Multimedia Interface; displays images and listening to audio; best for computers and TVs

RISC

Reduced Instruction Set Computer; simplifies algorithms to complete tasks

Hard Drive

The main storage of the computer; can be internal and/or external

hardware

The physical, tangible parts of a computer

Advanced RISK Machine (ARM)

Using fewer transistors, processes smaller batches of information very quickly

VGI

Video Graphics Array; very old technology that provides lower quality connection and grainy images

Peripheral Device

a computer device that is not part of the essential computer; these devices are intended to be connected to the computer and used.

Processor

a machine that processes information

Firewire

a more recent cable technology that allows faster speeds

Thunderbolt

a newer, faster type of cable than Firewire

Device Driver

a program that must be installed on the computer in order for the device to be able to work

algorithm

a sequence or set of instructions in a programming language for a computer to complete

programs

a sequence or set of instructions in a programming language for a computer to complete

BIOS

a specific type of firmware in personal computers; Basic Input/Output System

Microchip

a tiny wafer of semiconducting material used to make an integrated circuit.

Radio Frequency (RF)

a transmitter that sends a signal to a receiver that is plugged into the main device

Ethernet

a type of cable used to connect physical networks, identifiable by its clip-in plug

Network Interface Card (NIC)

allows a computer to connect (wired/wireless) to a network to communicate with other devices

Port

number assigned to uniquely identify a connection endpoint and to direct data to a specific service

Graphic Processing Unit (GPU)

processes the graphics freeing up the CPU to process other data

storage

saving information to use in the future

The Cloud

servers that are accessed over the Internet, and the software and databases that run on those servers

Random Access Memory (RAM)

short term memory used for specific programs that are currently open; measured in giga-bytes (GB)

Firmware

the "booting up" memory instructions

Motherboard

the component that houses all the other internal parts

Fetch-decode-Execute Cycle

the cycle that the central processing unit (CPU) follows from boot-up until the computer has shut down in order to process instructions.

input

the information computers get from users, devices, or other computers

output

the information computers give to uses, devices or other computers

Universal Serial Bus (USB)

the standard cable and port connection with a flat, rectangular plug

processing

the thinking work computers do to turn input into output

Bluetooth

the transmission of signals from the peripheral to the main device, but the receiver is inside the computer with no need to be plugged in

Read Only Memory (ROM)

used when the computer starts; permanent memory of the computer

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

where all the data is processed; the brain

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

where the mathematical calculations and logic operations are carried out


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Anatomy Chapter 5 Review Questions

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