Why did Europeans search for new trade routes
The Obstacles/barriers for spice trade
- The black - disease cause of lack in vitamin C in diet - thirst -hunger -had to go around Africa and traveled through The sea
Molluccas
A group of islands in eastern Indonesia was the center of the spice trade in the 1500s and 1600s
Hernan cortes
A landowner in Cuba, heard of Spanish expeditions that had been repelled by Indians
Cartography
A map making technique
Sam Bellamy
A pirate who ship wrecked off the coast of New England
Inflation
A rise in prices that is linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available
Jamestown
A settlement in Virginia
Outpost
A trading or military post that near the coast
Chinampa
An Aztec empire artificial islands used to cultivate crops and made of mud piled atop reed mats that were anchored to the lakebed with willow trees
What are privateers
Are pirates who operate with the approval of European government
Moctezuma
Aztec emperor
Goa and Malacca
Both islands seized from Portugal. Goa was created into military flight and malacca had a massacring city of Muslims
malinche
Called Dona marina by the Spanish served as Tenochtitlan translator and advisor
Tenochtitlan
Capital city of the Aztec empire, on which modern day Mexico City built
Alfonso de Albuquerque
Command burst into the Indian Ocean
Bartolmé De las casas
Condemned the evils of the encomienda system. Was a bold priest.
Capitalism
Economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit
Pilgrims
English Protestants who rejected the Church of England
Jacques cartier
Explorer for France
Samuel de Champlain
Explorer for France and found a lake named after him
Qianlong
Extended Chinese power into Central Asia and promoted Chinese culture. Had an equally successful regin
Vasco de Gama
Followed in Dias footsteps leading 4 ships around the Cape of Good Hope
Sovereign
Having full independent power
Dutch East Indies company
In 1602 a group formed by wealthy Dutch merchants. Had unusual amount of power. Had power to build armies,wage war, negotiate peace treaties and govern overseas territory, it came to dominate the region
Mulatto
In Spain colonies in the Americans persons who was of African and European descent
Compact
Is an agreement among people
Cape of good hope
It was an open sea route to Asia
Caravel
It's a ship that can travel long distance. and fast is a ship
Colombian exchange and it's effects
It's when Columbus brought animals, plants and people from America. -horses used to hunt - help feed European rapidly growing population - a new way to eat - European encounter joined the native diet
Why the Demand for spices
Its a money maker Way to discover the world Perserve food Add flavor to meat Make medicine and perfume
The middle passage
Known as the second leg. The slaves were transported to the America. There the enslaved Africans were exchanged for sugar, molasses, and other products manufactured at plantation owned by European.
Plantation
Large estate run by an owner or overseer and worked by laborer a who lived there
Atahualpa
Last emperor of inca
Prince Henry
Led the way in sponsoring exportation for Portugal a small nation next to Spain.
Line of demarcation
Line set by the treaty of Tordesillas dividing the non European world into two zones , one controlled by Spain and the other Portugal
Self government
Made a compact to agree on the set guidelines for their colony
Peninsulare
Member of the highest class in Spain's colonies in the Americans
First leg of trade system
Merchant ships brought European goods including guns,cloth and cash to Africa. In Africa the merchants traded these goods for slaves
Final leg of Atlantic slave trade
Merchants carried sugar,molasses,Cotten , and other American goods such as furs, salt fish, and rum made from molasses. These goods were shipped to Europe, where they were traded at a profit for the European bought and sold items that merchants needed to return to Africa.
Revenue
Money taken in through taxes
Immunity
Natural protection resistance
Native civilization and population
People who resisted were hunted down and killed. The population decline from diseases,starvation and cruel treatment. Later on Worked and would become peons workers who were forced to labor for the landlord in order to pay off debt.
Price revolution
Period in European history when inflation rose rapidly
Creole
Person in Spain colonies in the Americans who was an American born descendent of Spanish settlers
Mestizo
Person in Spain colonies in the Americans who was of Native American and European descendants
Entrepreneurs
Person who assumes financial risk in the hope of making a profit
Mercantilism
Policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silver
Philippines
Portuguese and Dutch set up bases on the fringes of Asia and Spain took this over
How did the Portuguese establish their trading empire
Portuguese had built a trading empire with military and merchants outposts or distant areas under their control rimming the southern seas
Viceroy
Representative who ruled one of Spain's provinces in the America in the Kings name; one who governed in India in the name of the British monarch
Mutiny
Revolts by the captives
Bartolomenu Dias
Rounded the southern tip of Africa after prince Henry death
Affonso 1
Ruler of Kongo in west central Africa. Had been tutored by Portuguese to convert Africans to Christianity and raised voice against slave trade
Ferdinand Magellan
Set out from Spain with 5 ships to find a way to reach the pacific. Portuguese nobleman
13 colonies
Set up as havens for persecuted religious groups
Result of Atlantic slave trade
Slave trade brought enormous wealth to merchants and traders and provided the labor that helped profitable colonial economics grow. Africans states and societies torn apart. The lives of individual Africans were either cut short or forever brutalized
Missionary
Someone sent to do religious work in a territory or foreign country
Conquistadors
Spanish explorers who claimed lands in the Americas for Spain in the 1500s and 1600s Ex: Columbus, Herman cortés and etc
Tariffs
Tax on imported goods
Triangle trade
The Atlantic slave trade formed one part of a three legged international trade network linked Europe ,Africa and America across atlantic
Columbian exchange
The global exchange of goods,ideas,plant ,animals And diseases that began with Columbus exploration of the America
Encomienda system
The right to demand labor or tribute from native Americans in a particular area. Allowed them to work under the most brutal conditions.
Circumnavigate
To travel completely around the world
Treaty of Tordesillas
Treaty signed between Spain and Portugal in 1494 which divided the mom European world between them
Treaty of pairs
Treaty that ended 7 year war and resulted in British dominance of the Americans
Astrolode
Use for navigation for when you looked at the stars and Suns and you were able to tell where you were
Magnetic compass
Uses an iron needle charted coarse of ships
Christopher Columbus
Wanted to reach the East Indies a group of islands in Southeast Asia today part of Indonesia by sailing west across the Atlantic
New france
Was French claims in Canada and quietly grew while French rulers were distracted by wars at home in Europe
Nezahualcoyotl
Was a the last leader in Aztec empire as cortés captured them
French and Indian war
Was a war between Britain and France in the Americas that happened from 1754 to 1763; it was part of a global war called the seven years war.
Olaudah equiano
Was an enslaved African American formed part of the international trade network that arose during the 1500s
Civil war
Was fought between two groups of people in the same nation
Francisco Pizarro
Was interested in perus inca empire which was reputed to have even more riches than the Aztecs
What was the purpose of mercantilism
Was to benefit of the commercial revolution in fierce competition for trade and empire. It was to aim at strengthening their national economics
Nagasaki
Was when 2 Dutch ships traveled each year to trade at this small island
Missionaries
Who hoped to convert Africans to Christianity
Peon
Worker forced to labor for a landlord in order to day off a debt