Why did Europeans search for new trade routes

The Obstacles/barriers for spice trade

- The black - disease cause of lack in vitamin C in diet - thirst -hunger -had to go around Africa and traveled through The sea

Molluccas

A group of islands in eastern Indonesia was the center of the spice trade in the 1500s and 1600s

Hernan cortes

A landowner in Cuba, heard of Spanish expeditions that had been repelled by Indians

Cartography

A map making technique

Sam Bellamy

A pirate who ship wrecked off the coast of New England

Inflation

A rise in prices that is linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available

Jamestown

A settlement in Virginia

Outpost

A trading or military post that near the coast

Chinampa

An Aztec empire artificial islands used to cultivate crops and made of mud piled atop reed mats that were anchored to the lakebed with willow trees

What are privateers

Are pirates who operate with the approval of European government

Moctezuma

Aztec emperor

Goa and Malacca

Both islands seized from Portugal. Goa was created into military flight and malacca had a massacring city of Muslims

malinche

Called Dona marina by the Spanish served as Tenochtitlan translator and advisor

Tenochtitlan

Capital city of the Aztec empire, on which modern day Mexico City built

Alfonso de Albuquerque

Command burst into the Indian Ocean

Bartolmé De las casas

Condemned the evils of the encomienda system. Was a bold priest.

Capitalism

Economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit

Pilgrims

English Protestants who rejected the Church of England

Jacques cartier

Explorer for France

Samuel de Champlain

Explorer for France and found a lake named after him

Qianlong

Extended Chinese power into Central Asia and promoted Chinese culture. Had an equally successful regin

Vasco de Gama

Followed in Dias footsteps leading 4 ships around the Cape of Good Hope

Sovereign

Having full independent power

Dutch East Indies company

In 1602 a group formed by wealthy Dutch merchants. Had unusual amount of power. Had power to build armies,wage war, negotiate peace treaties and govern overseas territory, it came to dominate the region

Mulatto

In Spain colonies in the Americans persons who was of African and European descent

Compact

Is an agreement among people

Cape of good hope

It was an open sea route to Asia

Caravel

It's a ship that can travel long distance. and fast is a ship

Colombian exchange and it's effects

It's when Columbus brought animals, plants and people from America. -horses used to hunt - help feed European rapidly growing population - a new way to eat - European encounter joined the native diet

Why the Demand for spices

Its a money maker Way to discover the world Perserve food Add flavor to meat Make medicine and perfume

The middle passage

Known as the second leg. The slaves were transported to the America. There the enslaved Africans were exchanged for sugar, molasses, and other products manufactured at plantation owned by European.

Plantation

Large estate run by an owner or overseer and worked by laborer a who lived there

Atahualpa

Last emperor of inca

Prince Henry

Led the way in sponsoring exportation for Portugal a small nation next to Spain.

Line of demarcation

Line set by the treaty of Tordesillas dividing the non European world into two zones , one controlled by Spain and the other Portugal

Self government

Made a compact to agree on the set guidelines for their colony

Peninsulare

Member of the highest class in Spain's colonies in the Americans

First leg of trade system

Merchant ships brought European goods including guns,cloth and cash to Africa. In Africa the merchants traded these goods for slaves

Final leg of Atlantic slave trade

Merchants carried sugar,molasses,Cotten , and other American goods such as furs, salt fish, and rum made from molasses. These goods were shipped to Europe, where they were traded at a profit for the European bought and sold items that merchants needed to return to Africa.

Revenue

Money taken in through taxes

Immunity

Natural protection resistance

Native civilization and population

People who resisted were hunted down and killed. The population decline from diseases,starvation and cruel treatment. Later on Worked and would become peons workers who were forced to labor for the landlord in order to pay off debt.

Price revolution

Period in European history when inflation rose rapidly

Creole

Person in Spain colonies in the Americans who was an American born descendent of Spanish settlers

Mestizo

Person in Spain colonies in the Americans who was of Native American and European descendants

Entrepreneurs

Person who assumes financial risk in the hope of making a profit

Mercantilism

Policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silver

Philippines

Portuguese and Dutch set up bases on the fringes of Asia and Spain took this over

How did the Portuguese establish their trading empire

Portuguese had built a trading empire with military and merchants outposts or distant areas under their control rimming the southern seas

Viceroy

Representative who ruled one of Spain's provinces in the America in the Kings name; one who governed in India in the name of the British monarch

Mutiny

Revolts by the captives

Bartolomenu Dias

Rounded the southern tip of Africa after prince Henry death

Affonso 1

Ruler of Kongo in west central Africa. Had been tutored by Portuguese to convert Africans to Christianity and raised voice against slave trade

Ferdinand Magellan

Set out from Spain with 5 ships to find a way to reach the pacific. Portuguese nobleman

13 colonies

Set up as havens for persecuted religious groups

Result of Atlantic slave trade

Slave trade brought enormous wealth to merchants and traders and provided the labor that helped profitable colonial economics grow. Africans states and societies torn apart. The lives of individual Africans were either cut short or forever brutalized

Missionary

Someone sent to do religious work in a territory or foreign country

Conquistadors

Spanish explorers who claimed lands in the Americas for Spain in the 1500s and 1600s Ex: Columbus, Herman cortés and etc

Tariffs

Tax on imported goods

Triangle trade

The Atlantic slave trade formed one part of a three legged international trade network linked Europe ,Africa and America across atlantic

Columbian exchange

The global exchange of goods,ideas,plant ,animals And diseases that began with Columbus exploration of the America

Encomienda system

The right to demand labor or tribute from native Americans in a particular area. Allowed them to work under the most brutal conditions.

Circumnavigate

To travel completely around the world

Treaty of Tordesillas

Treaty signed between Spain and Portugal in 1494 which divided the mom European world between them

Treaty of pairs

Treaty that ended 7 year war and resulted in British dominance of the Americans

Astrolode

Use for navigation for when you looked at the stars and Suns and you were able to tell where you were

Magnetic compass

Uses an iron needle charted coarse of ships

Christopher Columbus

Wanted to reach the East Indies a group of islands in Southeast Asia today part of Indonesia by sailing west across the Atlantic

New france

Was French claims in Canada and quietly grew while French rulers were distracted by wars at home in Europe

Nezahualcoyotl

Was a the last leader in Aztec empire as cortés captured them

French and Indian war

Was a war between Britain and France in the Americas that happened from 1754 to 1763; it was part of a global war called the seven years war.

Olaudah equiano

Was an enslaved African American formed part of the international trade network that arose during the 1500s

Civil war

Was fought between two groups of people in the same nation

Francisco Pizarro

Was interested in perus inca empire which was reputed to have even more riches than the Aztecs

What was the purpose of mercantilism

Was to benefit of the commercial revolution in fierce competition for trade and empire. It was to aim at strengthening their national economics

Nagasaki

Was when 2 Dutch ships traveled each year to trade at this small island

Missionaries

Who hoped to convert Africans to Christianity

Peon

Worker forced to labor for a landlord in order to day off a debt