Winter Recess Questions

A. homozygous

A individual who has two of the same allele is said to be A) homozygous B) heteromologous C) homologous D) heterozygous E) diplozygous

D.telophase II

A nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes and cytokinesis occurs, producing four daughter cells, each with a haploid set of chromosomes. a.metaphase II b.anaphase II c.telophase II d.cytokinesis

B. at corresponding locations on homologous chromosomes

A pea plant with purple flowers is heterozygous (Pp) for flower color. The Pp alleles are located A. next to each other on the same chromosome B. at corresponding locations on homologous chromosomes C. on the sex chromosomes D. at different locations on the same chromosome

d. measures different things.

Compared to a physical map, a genetic map a. is more accurate. b. is less accurate. c. is equally accurate. d. measures different things. e. cannot be made for humans.

A. prophase I

Crossing over occurs during: A) prophase I B) prophase II C) interphase I D) interphase II E) Both a and b are correct.

B.telophase

Cytokinesis begins in which phase? a.metaphase b.telophase c.prophase d.anaphase

B. 12

A cell with a diploid number of 24 undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes are in each daughter cell? a.6 b.12 c.24 d.48

A. true-breeding varieties were scarce.

Advantages to using the garden pea for Mendel's experiments included all listed below except A) true-breeding varieties were scarce. B) he could expect to observe segregation of traits among the offspring. C) they have relatively short generation time. D) sex organs of the pea are enclosed within the flower.

D.one of several possible forms of a gene

An allele is: a) another word for a gene b) a homozygous genotype c) a heterozygous genotype d) one of several possible forms of a gene

B.S

At what phase in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur? a.G1 b.S c.G0 d.M

D. interphase

Cells spend most of their time in what phase? A. cytokinesis B. prophase C. mitosis D. interphase

C.they become too large

Cells will generally divide when? a.they are 10 hours old b.they become infected c.they become too large d.they have no food

C. animal

Cleavage furrows form in which type of cells? A. plants B. bacteria and plants C. animal D. all of the above

B. the presence of an extra chromosome in position 21

Down syndrome results from: A) the absence of one chromosome in position 21 B) the presence of an extra chromosome in position 21 C) the absence of both chromosomes in position 21 D) crossing over on the chromosomes in position 21 E) none of the above

D. homologues pair all along their length

During synapsis A) sister chromatids pair all along their length B) sister chromatids pair at the centromeres C) homologues repel each other except at the ends D) homologues pair all along their length

D.prophase

During which phase do chromosome first become visible? a.interphase b.telophase c.metaphase d.prophase

C.interphase

During which phase does the DNA make a copy of itself? a.prophase b.metaphase c.interphase d.anaphase

B.metaphase

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell? A. Prophase B. Metaphase C. Anaphase D. Telophase

D.None of those above.

During which stage does DNA replication occur? a.Prophase. b.Anaphase. c.Metaphase. d.None of those above.

B.chromatids

Each chromosome consists of 2 _____. a.centrofibers b.chromatids c.daughter cells d.centrioles

D. 16

If a cell with 32 chromosomes divides by meiosis, how many chromosomes will each nucleus contain at telophase I? (Assume cytokinesis has occurred.) A) 64 B) 48 C) 32 D) 16 E) 8

A. 4

If a zygote has 4 chromosomes, the somatic cells formed from it have _______________ chromosomes. A) 4 B) 8 C) 2 D) 1 E) 16

B. both parents were heterozygous purple

In Mendel's F2 generation, one out of four plants had white flowers because A) the trait is sex-linked B) both parents were heterozygous purple C) one parent was homozygous recessive D) both parents were heterozygous white

C.in the ratio 1:1 homozygous to heterozygous

In a cross between two heterozygotes (Aa), the F2 generation will be (a) in the ratio 1:3 heterozygous to homozygous (b) all heterozygous (c) in the ratio 1:1 homozygous to heterozygous (d) in the ratio 1:3 homozygous to heterozygous

B.homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles

In anaphase I A) sister chromatids move toward opposite poles B) homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles C) terminal chiasmata move toward opposite poles D) homologues move toward the same pole E) homologous chromosomes move randomly toward either pole

D. 1/3

In garden peas, height is determined by a single gene with tall being dominate to short. If two heterozygous plants are crossed, what proportion of the tall progeny will be homozygous dominant? A) 3/4 B) 2/3 C) 1/2 D) 1/3 E) 1/4

B.True, it occurs late in prophase

In prophase, the nuclear membrane disappears. a.True, it occurs early in prophase. b.True, it occurs late in prophase. c.False, it is not associated with prophase.

anaphase II

In what stage of meiosis do the centromeres separate, and the two chromatids of each chromosome move to opposite poles on the spindle?

E. polygenic inheritance

Independent genes at four different loci are responsible for determining an individual's HLA (human leukocyte antigen) which is your body's ability to detect any foreign antigens. This is an example of A. incomplete dominance B. multiple alleles C. codominance D. pleiotropy E. polygenic inheritance

B.No, crossing over is not associated with mitosis.

Is crossing over (swapping of segments of DNA between homologous chromosomes) seen with mitosis? a.Yes, it is a normal part of mitosis. b.No, crossing over is not associated with mitosis. c.Yes, but it only occurs in fetal cells. d.None of those above.

D. XXY

Klinefelter's syndrome is caused by a nondisjunction resulting in a genotype of A) YYY B) XYY C) XXX D) XXY

C.Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase, centrioles forming.

Match the terms with the appropriate stages in the answer: Migration, Shortening and Thickening, Cytokinesis, Prophase. a.Telophase, Anaphase, Prophase, centrioles forming. b.Anaphase, Prophase, Metaphase, microtubules. c.Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase, centrioles forming. d.Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, microtubules.

D. gametes

Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces: a.zygotes b.chromosomes c.DNA d.gametes

B.4 haploid daughter cells

Meiosis results in _____ a.2 haploid daughter cells b.4 haploid daughter cells c.2 diploid daughter cells d.4 diploid daughter cells

A. Prophase II

Of the following meiotic phases, ____ is most similar in behavior to the mitotic phase of the same name. A) Prophase II B) Anaphase I C) Metaphase I D) None of the above

C.1/2

On a pedigree tracing the inheritance of PKU, a horizontal line joins a black square and a half-black circle. What fraction of this couple's children would you expect to suffer from PKU? (a) none (b) 1/4 (c) 1/2 (d) 3/4

E. X

On which of the following chromosomes are sex-linked traits carried? A) 13 B) 18 C) Y D) 15 E) X

B.1/4

Ram and Nidhi are apparently normal, but their daughter was born with alkaptonuria, an inherited metabolic disorder. If alkaptonuria is like most human hereditary disorders, the probability of their next child being born with alkaptonuria is (a) 0 (b) 1/4 (c) 1/2 (d) 2/3

D. asexual reproduction

Sea stars are genetically different from each other and from their parents. These genetic differences are the result of A. mitosis B. cloning C. sexual reproduction D. asexual reproduction

D. a carrier female.

Tay-Sachs disease runs in Seema's family. On a family pedigree, she saw a half darkened circle. This represented (a) a male with Tay-Sachs (b) a female with Tay-Sachs (c) a carrier male (d) a carrier female.

C. on homologous chromosomes

The alleles for sickle cell disease are found A. on the sex chromosomes B. linked C. on homologous chromosomes D. present in the just the sperm cells

B. phenotype

The appearance resulting from a given gene combination is referred to as the A) genotype B) phenotype C) phototype D) alleleotype E) stereotype

A. as a means to keep animals within a population in close proximity

The evolution of sexual reproduction may have occurred based on all of the following except A) as a means to keep animals within a population in close proximity B) as a means to correct damage to the double strands of the DNA C) through independent assortment, offspring have new combinations of genes that can be beneficial D) through crossing over, there is an unlimited amount of genetic variability in the population E) all of the above are explanations for the evolution of sexual reproduction

D. XO

The genotype of an individual with Turner syndrome is A) YO B) XXY C) XYY D) XO E) XXX

E. 4 genotypes; 3 phenotypes

The genotypes of a husband and wife are IAIB x IAi. Among the blood types of their children, how many different genotypes and phenotypes are possible? A) 2 genotypes; 3 phenotypes B) 3 genotypes; 4 phenotypes C) 4 genotypes; 4 phenotypes D) 3 genotypes; 3 phenotypes E) 4 genotypes; 3 phenotypes

C.independent assortment

The idea that different pairs of alleles are passed to offspring independently is Mendel's principle of: a) unit inheritance b) segregation c) independent assortment

C.segregation

The idea that for any particular trait, the pair of alleles of each parent separate and only one allele from each parent passes to an offspring is Mendel's principle of: a) independent assortment b) hybridization c) segregation

C.telophase I

The maternal and paternal chromosomes of each homologous pair separate and reach the poles of the cell, nuclear envelopes form around them, and cytokinesis follows to produce two cells. a.metaphase I b.anaphase I c.telophase I d.prophase II

D. pleiotropy

The sickle cell allele not only affects the shape of the red blood cell but also effects of pain, fever, and damage to internal organs. This is an example of A. incomplete dominance B. multiple alleles C. codominance D. pleiotropy E. polygenic inheritence

C. WW

The two alternatives for a trait are red and white and red is dominant. However, white is the most common trait. What is the genotype of a homozygous dominant individual? A) RR B) rr C) WW D) ww E) red

A.anaphase I

The two chromosomes in each bivalent separate and migrate toward opposite poles. a.anaphase I b.telophase I c.prophase II d.metaphase II

A. mitosis and interphase

The two main stages of the cell cycle are called A. mitosis and interphase B. telophase and cytokinesis C. interphase and anaphase D. cytokinesis and mitosis

C. codominance

There are three alleles for blood types but an individual only has two. This is an example of A. incomplete dominance B. multiple alleles C. codominance D. pleiotropy E. polygenic inheritence

(1) Through the way the paternal and maternal chromosomes segregate; and (2) by the process of crossing-over.

What are the mechanisms by which genetic variation is produced by meiosis?

D.They produce microtubules for the chromosomes to migrate along as they move to opposite poles of the cell.

What is the function of centrioles? a.To cause cytokinesis via the concentric shortening of microtubules. b.They are required for DNA replication. c.They are the structure which hold the 2 daughter chromatids together at the centromere. d.They produce microtubules for the chromosomes to migrate along as they move to opposite poles of the cell.

A key difference between mitosis and meiosis is that sister chromatids remain joined during anaphase I in meiosis, whereas in anaphase of mitosis they separate.

What is the key difference between anaphase I in meiosis and anaphase in mitosis?

C. black body; vestigial wings

What is the phenotype of a fruit fly whose genotype is g+g+vsvs (where g = gray body and vs = vestigial wings; wild type = black body and normal wings)? A) gray body; vestigial wings B) gray body; normal wings C) black body; vestigial wings D) black body; normal wings

metaphase I

What is the stage of meiosis during which the pairs of chromosomes (the bivalents) become arranged on a plane equidistant from the poles?

C.spindle

What structure is responsible for moving the chromosomes during mitosis? a.nucleolus b.nuclear membrane c.spindle d.cytoplasm

C. are held together near their common centromeres

When crossing over is complete in prophase I, sister chromatids A) are fused together by the synaptonemal complex B) are attached by their ends to the nuclear envelope C) are held together near their common centromeres D) drift away from each other E) are pulled toward the poles

D. chromatin

When the DNA in a cell is uncoiled and spread throughout the nucleus it is called A. chromosomes B. chromatids C. centromeres D. chromatin

E. broad

Where the two alternatives for a trait are broad and narrow, and broad is dominant, the phenotype of a homozygous dominant individual would be expressed as A) BB B) nn C) Bn D) NN E) broad

D. Ss

Where two alternatives for a trait are tall and short, and tall is dominant, the genotype of a heterozygous individual would be expressed A) sS B) ss C) SS D) Ss E) tall

C.Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

Which answer gives the stages of mitosis in proper chronological order? a.Anaphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase. b.Metaphase, anaphase, telophase, prophase c.Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. d.Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

A.G1, S, G2, M, D.

Which is the correct sequence of stages in the cell cycle that produces a differentiated cell? (D = cell differentiation) a.G1, S, G2, M, D. b.G1, G2, S, M, D. c.S, G1, G2, M, D. d.G1, M, G2, S, D.

A. sperm cell

Which of the following cells undergo meiosis? a.sperm cells b.liver cells c.unicellular organisms d.all of these

A.The chromosomes shorten and thicken during prophase.

Which of the following is correct? a.The chromosomes shorten and thicken during prophase. b.The nucleolus reappears following telophase. c.Interphase is characterized by little cellular activity, as the cell is resting to prepare for the next mitotic event. d.All of the above.

E. both a and b

Which of the following is not a result of nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes? A) Down syndrome B) Barr body C) Turner syndrome D) Klinefelter syndrome E) both a and b

C.It results in daughter cells who are genetically identical, but physically smaller, than the original cell.

Which of the following is true of mitosis in a diploid cell? a.It results in 2 haploid daughter cells. b.It involves replication of the cell's DNA. c.It results in daughter cells who are genetically identical, but physically smaller, than the original cell.

B. ww x WW

Which of the following represents a testcross? A) Ww x WW B) ww x WW C) Ww x Ww D) WW x WW E) none of the above

C. In meiosis, chromosomes do not exchange genetic material.

Which one of the following statements is not true about meiosis? A) Meiosis occurs in reproductive cells. B) Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells. C) In meiosis, chromosomes do not exchange genetic material. D) In meiosis, homologous pairs of chromosomes are pulled apart. E) All of the statements are true.

A.anaphase

Which phase occurs directly after metaphase? a.anaphase b.telophase c.metaphase d.prophase

D.red and white show incomplete dominance

You cross a true-breeding red-flowered snapdragon with a true-breeding white-flowered one. All of the F1 are pink. What does this say about the parent traits? (a) red and white are codominant (b) red is dominant (c) both red and white are recessive (d) red and white show incomplete dominance

B. Synapsis

__________ distinguishes prophase from mitotic prophase. A) The number of chromatids per chromosome B) Synapsis C) The number of homologues D) Terminal chiasmata E) Synergistic complex

A.2,10

cell with 10 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many daughter cells are created? ___ Each daughter cell has ___ chromosomes. a.2, 10 b.10, 2 c.1, 10 d.2, 20