Wk 4
The nurse provides teaching regarding dietary intake of potassium to avoid an electrolyte imbalance when a patient
has chronic heart failure that is treated with diuretics
Decreased neuromuscular excitability is often the result of
hypercalcemia and hypermagnesemia.
The imbalance that occurs with oliguric renal failure is
hyperkalemia
Respiratory alkalosis is caused by
hyperventilation
Metabolic alkalosis is often accompanied by
hypokalemia
Abnormalities in intracellular regulation of enzyme activity and cellular production of ATP are associated with
hypophosphatemia.
A patient has a positive Chvostek sign. The nurse interprets this as a sign of
increased neuromuscular excitability.
Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in
increased pH, increased HCO3-
The increased anterior-posterior chest diameter associated with obstructive lung disease is caused by
increased residual lung volumes.
Empyema is defined as an
infection in the pleural space
Obstructive disorders are associated with
low expiratory flow rates
Emesis causes
metabolic alkalosis.
Clinical manifestations of moderate to severe hypokalemia include
muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias.
A major cause of treatment failure in tuberculosis is
noncompliance.
A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms may experience
numbness and tingling in the extremities.
Asthma is categorized as a(n)
obstructive pulmonary disorder.
The process responsible for distribution of fluid between the interstitial and intracellular compartments is
osmosis.
Legionnaires disease is characterized by
presence of systemic illness Legionnaires disease produces system manifestations such as fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and pneumonia. The organism that causes Legionnaires disease is transmitted by means of contaminated water. Symptoms are severe, and the disease requires antimicrobial therapy.
The hypersecretion of mucus resulting for chronic bronchitis is the result of
recurrent infection.
All obstructive pulmonary disorders are characterized by
resistance to airflow.
A person with acute hypoxemia may hyperventilate and develop
respiratory alkalosis.
Air that enters the pleural space during inspiration but is unable to exit during expiration creates a condition called
tension pneumothorax.
Osmoreceptors located in the hypothalamus control the release of
vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH).
Neuromuscular disorders impair lung function primarily because of
weak muscles of respiration
What is likely to lead to hyponatremia?
Frequent nasogastric tube irrigation with water
The assessment findings of a 5-year-old with a history of asthma include extreme shortness of breath, nasal flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of accessory respiratory muscles. There is no wheezing and the chest is silent in many areas. How should you interpret your assessment?
The child may be having such a severe asthma episode that the airways are closed, so start oxygen and get the doctor immediately.
Effects of hypernatremia on the central nervous system typically include
confusion
Signs and symptoms of clinical dehydration include
decreased urine output.
When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is throwing up and has frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse's best response is
"If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry between his cheek and his gums, then he is probably dehydrated."
When a parent of a toddler recently diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia asks why their child is so much sicker than a classmate was when they were diagnosed with pneumonia, the nurse replies
"It sounds like your child has a case of bacterial pneumonia, while the classmate had viral pneumonia."
When a client diagnosed with COPD type A asks, "Why is my chest so big and round?", the nurse responds that
"Loss of elastic tissue in your lungs allows your airways to close and trap air, which makes your chest round."
How do clinical conditions that increase vascular permeability cause edema?
By allowing plasma proteins to leak into the interstitial fluid, which draws in excess fluid by increasing the interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
Which electrolyte imbalances cause increased neuromuscular excitability?
Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia
Allergic (extrinsic) asthma is associated with
IgE-mediated airway inflammation.
The major buffer in the extracellular fluid is
bicarbonate
Copious amounts of foul-smelling sputum are generally associated with
bronchiectasis
Manifestations from sodium imbalances occur primarily as a result of
cellular fluid shifts.
A patient, who is 8 months pregnant, has developed eclampsia and is receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate to prevent seizures. To determine if her infusion rate is too high, you should regularly
check the patellar reflex; if it becomes weak or absent, her infusion rate probably is too high and she is at risk for respiratory depression or cardiac arrest.
Causes of hypomagnesemia include
chronic alcoholism
Total body water in older adults is
decreased because of increased adipose tissue and decreased muscle mass.
