World Civ II Chapters 16 - 21 Review

Bombay was an important acquisition by the British East India Company because it gave the company

A good harbor

Both the Salem Witch Trials and the Great Awakening revolved around

A literal or fundamentalist interpretation of Protestantism

Pueblos de indios were colonial policies of

A resettlement of native peoples after smallpox epidemics

The Mughals' primary challenge for control over Hindustan and the crucial Silk Road trade came from the _________ princes and their Persian allies.

Afghan

Beginning in the 1650s, the Portuguese began exporting what sorts of people to Brazil to replace the Native American labor lost to epidemics?

African slaves

One factor causing the Protestant Reformation was the raising of revenue by the church through the indulgence, for

Ambitious building projects

Machiavelli's concept of virtù, of an intuitive leader, was derived in part from the political theories of:

Aristotle

What did the "letters of marque" give European sailors legal permission to do?

Attack the ships of rival states

The Qing approach to quelling any rebellions on its periphery included finally defeating the Mongols in the 1720, in a strategy known as "using _____ to check barbarians."

Barbarians

Bartolomé de las Casas became an opponent of the encomienda system after he

Became a priest and then a monk

The French dominated trade in silk products in Europe because they had access to what region's silk?

Bengal

What became the largest slave state in the world, and the destination of over half of all African slaves?

Brazil

What new branch of mathematics did Newton and Leibniz simultaneously develop?

Calculus

The Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans was possible through the use of ______ bombardment.

Cannon

Matteo Ricci and Ferdinand Verbiest are two examples of what kind of European interest in China?

Catholic missionary

In his preface, Cervantes claimed he had written Don Quixote of La Mancha to "ridicule the absurdity" of notions of _______

Chivalry

Henry the Navigator of Portugal occupied the Moroccan port of Cueta, claiming it had once been

Christian

Many Ottoman sultans had concubines who were ________

Christian

A new source of information for studying Chinese peasantry in the Ming - Qing period came from what Western source?

Chronicles

The upper class of creoles in the Spanish American colonies came from landowning families and the

Church

In the seventeenth century, the preferred non-alcoholic drink in Western Europe was

Coffee

Early in the Ottoman conquests, warriors were paid in grants of land, which allowed them to profit economically by _______

Collecting rents from the peasants.

The king of Kongo collected a head tax, which was paid in

Cowrie shells

At first, the Portuguese were interested in trading with the natives of Brazil in order to obtain brazilwood, which was used for:

Dyeing textiles

Although various branches of the Catholic Church provided diverse education for the children of settlers in Spanish and Portuguese America, Catholic schools would not teach

Enlightenment ideas

Explorers and conquerors who first followed Cortés and Pizarro to the Americas discovered that what made them the most financial profit?

Enslaving Native Americans

Odo Nobunaga employed what in his endeavor to unify Japan under his authority in the late sixteenth century?

European guns

The purpose of Spanish Inquisition, as appointed by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1481, was to:

Ferret out any people whose beliefs were contrary to Church teachings

The practice of the devsirme contradicted Islamic law, which:

Forbade the enslavement of "peoples of the Book"

At the end of the Thirty Year's war, who emerged as the dominant power in Europe?

France

What did the Edict of Nantes in 1598, issued by King Henry IV, promise?

Freedom of religion for French Calvinists

What New Scientist rediscovered the theories of Archimedes on floating bodies?

Galileo

The Songhay emperors were able to dominate vassal states because the Songhay taxed what trade?

Gold

Although Henry the Navigator did not himself see the Rio de Oro, Portuguese explorers did find the ____ in West Africa

Gold Coast

The Incan nobility regrouped after the loss of Cuzco and managed to rebuild an empire that lasted for almost forty more years, using what tactic?

Guerilla strikes

Although Benin traded fewer slaves to Europe than other West African states, Benin did increase its trade of slaves for

Guns

Although he limited their powers in many ways, how did Tokugawa Ieyasu increase the power of the daimyo and samurai?

He allowed them power over all commoners

After Vasco da Gama circumnavigated the African continent in 1498, Portugal was able to open up direct trade relations with what Asian nation?

India

In 1498, the king of Portugal sent Vasco de Gama on a voyage to _________

India

The Songhay, Kanem-Bornu, and Hausa kingdoms were all _____ regimes, at least among the elites.

Islamic

In the sixteenth century, Portugal became involved in Ethiopia and brought with them _____ missionaries who threatened the Ethiopian church.

Jesuit

A quote from ______, as handed down in Islamic lore, was inscribed over the gateway of Akbar's Fatehpur Sikri.

Jesus

Iberians were convinced they needed to recapture Jerusalem for Christianity in order for _____

Jesus Christ to come back

The Onin War, the beginning of the Japanese civil war, was particularly devastating for what city?

Kyoto

In the repartimiento system, introduced by the Spanish crown in the 1540s, villagers paid tax in

Labor

Fought in the Eastern Mediterranean in 1571, the Battle of _____ was the first major sea battle in world history do be decided by firepower.

Lepanto

The caravel was developed in _____ to make travel along the Atlantic easier.

Lisbon

What were zamindars in the Mughal economic and administrative system?

Local chiefs

Prior to 1800, most interregional trade was for

Luxury goods

In elite Hindu families, the primary role of women was to bear children and to

Manage the household

Charles I of England was forced to summon Parliament in 1642 when he needed

Money since his tax revenues had run out.

Ming military power was based on their command of gunpowder weapons, and as early as the 1390s, what were the Ming doing with their guns?

Mounting them on ships

Although Babur's forces at the battle of Panipat were outnumbered, he had what technological advantage?

Muskets

During the Reconquista, Iberian Christians sought to rid the peninsula of:

Muslim rule

What were moriscos in fifteenth-century Spain?

Muslims who had converted to Christianity

The few Dutch who were allowed to remain in Japan following the official move to seclusion had to live wher?

Nagasaki harbor

South Carolina separated from North Carolina in 1719 in response to a war between English settlers and

Native Americans

Akbar had the Mahabharata and Ramayana translated into

Persian

_____ writers, painters, and poets followed Humayun to India, where their talents enlivened the arts and helped develop Urdu verse forms.

Persian

The king and royal family of Kongo adopted the language, religion, and many aspects of culture from

Portugal

A central doctrine of Calvin's Protestantism was his belief in

Predestination to heaven or hell

From 1483 - 1486 the Portuguese explored from the Bight of Benin to the Congo River, hoping to discover

Prester John

Pu Songling's Strange Tales from the "Make-Do" Studio were drawn from what literary tradition in China?

Provincial folktales

By the eighteenth century, slave status in the Americas was defined by

Race

The Virginia tobacco growers were able construct an early popular assembly in 1619 because the English government was distracted by

Religious conflict

Japanese taxes had to be paid by the village as a unit and paid in what commodity?

Rice

How did upper caste Hindus view Muslims, including the Mughals?

Ritually unclean

In 1632 Galileo was sentenced to house arrest for his support of Copernicus's heliocentric theory because it was viewed by the Inquisition as a contradiction of:

Scripture

The Spanish crown created viceroyalties and provinces in the Americas to prevent

Self-representation by the settlers

The mosque at Burhanpur was built by ______ and verses from the Quran translated into Sanskrit were engraved on it

Shah Jahan

What religious group uses the Golden Temple at Amritsar

Sikhs

From 1545 to c. 1750, the mines at Potosí produced over one half of all ________ the Spanish extracted from the Americas.

Silver

Shortly after Columbus arrived in the Caribbean Islands the population of native Taínos and Caribs was decimated by

Smallpox

The native populations of the Caribbean, the Tainos and Caribs, were wiped out soon after the arrival of Europeans, who brought with them

Smallpox

Eighty percent of all African slaves transported to the Americas worked on _____ plantations.

Sugar

What aspect of government continued to represent a decentralizing force, even in absolute monarchies such as Louis XIV's France?

Tax collection

Although silk remained important, Europeans in the eighteenth century became increasingly interested in importing what from China?

Tea

The Jesuit "rites controversy" refers to their use of what while in China

Tea and rice in the Eucharist

By the mid-sixteenth century, what was the status of the relationship between Austria and the Ottomans?

The Austrians had to pay the Ottomans tribute.

In the fourteenth and fifteenth century, China's population dropped from 100 to 60 million, largely due to

The Black Death

The American plantation slave system was an adaptation of the agricultural estate slave system first developed by

The Byzantines

Ignorant of Hinduism when he arrived in India, Vasco de Gama mistook the Indian religion for:

The Christianity of "Prester John"

Who granted the Hohenzollern rulers of Prussia the title of "king" in 1701?

The Holy Roman Emperor

Tokugawa Ieyasu claimed to be a descendant of

The Minamoto clan

Why did Portugal build trade forts on the West African coast, rather than go into the interior to trade

The Portuguese were vulnerable to native weapons and native Africans' defensive use of boats

How did the Qing improve traditional Chinese guns?

They added a matchlock firing mechanism.

When Dutch Calvinists revolted in 1565, what did they do to Catholic churches?

They stripped them of images and sculpture

When African slaves were "danced" during the Middle Passage, what was being done to them?

They were being exercised to keep them healthy

In the eighteenth century the New England colonies developed an agricultural export in

Timber

The Navigation Acts of 1651 and 1660 required all goods transported from England to American colonies to be

Transported by English ships

Mughal artistic tastes were very diverse, and during the reign of Jahangir, it was not unusual to see depictions of the Virgin Mary in Mughal portraits.

True

In the Persian-Hindu synthesis known as the "Mughal Style" of painting, what was the Hindu contribution?

Vibrant colors

What impact did the introduction of Indian cotton textiles have on Europe socially and economically?

WRITTEN RESPONSE

Hobbes speculated that humans in a state of nature would always choose to:

Wage war

Blaise Pascal's theories about altitude and air pressure led to what practical application of the vacuum?

Weather-forecasting