World Geography Final Exam 1310 JO
South Korea: Growth
"Ultra-low, lowest-low" TFR
Choropleth Maps
- Apply distinctive colors to predefined areas (e.g. countries or states) to represent different quantities (e.g., rates, percentages, densities, etc.) in each area
China
- Over 1.3 billion people - Over 95% of the population is in the eastern half of the country (China proper) - Rate of urbanization increasing since the 1980s - 3 emerging megalopolis • Beijing-Tianjin • Shanghai-Nanjing (Yangtze Delta) • Hong Kong-Shenzhen-Guangzhou (Xi Delta))
Written Language: Chinese
-Ideographic: each symbol (ideograph or character) represents primarily an idea (rather than a sound!) Advantage: • Two people speaking different languages can communicate through the written symbols which represent the same idea -Disadvantage • Japanese Languages in East Asia • Difficult to learn: one must memorize thousands of characters to be literate • Relatively low literacy rate in China (95%) than Japan (99%) and Korea (both North and South 99%)
Pastoral Nomadism
-In the dryer portions of region -Traditional form of substance agriculture that depends on seasonal movement of livestock (over various distance)
China's Later, longer, fewer program
-Late marriage: 23 years in rural areas; 24 years in • China (cont.) urban areas - Long spacing between births: at least 4 years between the first and second births - Few children: no more than 2 in the city, and 3 in rural areas
Fertile Cresent
-Relatively abundant water resources -Dry summer suitable for evolution of large seeded annual plants -A variety of elevation for trial/experiments for domestication An ecologically diverse zone that stretches from the Levant inland through the fertile hill country of Northern Syria and Iraq.
Kjbbutzes in Israel
-irrigated by the Jordan River and Canals -collective farms and community -account for 9-10% of Israel's total GDP -not naturally suitable for geography for agriculture but agriculture is a highly developed industry for Israel -Major exporter of fresh produce -A wind-leader in agriculture technologies -produce 95% of own food requirements
Transhumance
-over relatively short distance -seasonal movement of livestock to cooler and greener high country pastures in the summer and then returning them to valley and lowland settings for fall and winter grazing
Major themes of Europe's population settlement geography
1. VERY low natural growth 2. the complicated and often problematic patterns of internal international migration 3. high level of urbanization (particularly in the traditional industrial core of western Europe)
3 major climate types
1. maritime climate 2. continental climate 3. Mediterranean climate
The most populous region in the world
1.6 billion people
Japanese
3 systems • Kanji: characters borrowed from Chinese parts of speech not easily represented by Chinese characters Hiragana: a quasi-alphabet expressing words and parts of speech not easily represented by Chinese characters • Katakana: system for spelling words of foreign origin
One child campaign
A limit of one kid per married couple - Education, medical care, free contraceptives, voluntary sterilization - Parents complying with the plan would get better education and health care for their child - Non-compliers were subject to fines and governmental pressure
Plateau
A raised area of level land bordered on one or more sides by steep slopes of cliffs
Fertile
Able to support plant growth
Oasis life
Areas where high groundwater or deep-water wells provide reliable moisture
General climate of Southwest Asia and North Africa
Arid
What makes up most of East Asia's land
China
Korean
Chinese characters were used by 1400s - King Sejong invented "Hangeul" (Korean alphabet) in 1443 - Korean is exclusively used in both South and North Korea Alphabetic: each symbol represents a distinct sound rather than an idea - 10 vowels and 14 consonants
Southwest Asia is one of the earliest hearths of what?
Domestication
What is one of the most populated regions in the world?
East Asia. lowlands of Japan, Korea, and China are among the most intensely used portions of Earth containing major cities and agricultural lands
Southwest Asia and North Africa: Regional economic patterns
Fossil fuels (such as oil and natural gas) reveal the regions importance in the worlds economy. There is a big economic difference between Southwest Asia and North Africa. Some oil-rich countries have prospered greatly since the early 1970's, but in many cases fluctuating oil prices, political disruptions, and rapidly growing populations threaten future economic growth.
Most densely populated region
Hong Kong
General culture of Southwest Asia and North Africa
Islam
However, it is not impossible to prosper without oil... a good example of this is...
Israel who uses Agriculture
Home to worlds largest economies
Japan
Japanese Settlement and Agricultural Patterns
Japan is highly urbanized country, supporting two of the largest metropolitan areas in the world- Tokyo and Osaka. one of the worlds most mountainous countries. agriculture is largely limited to the country's coastal plains and interior basins. Rice is Japan's major crop. Most people are located in the same cities that support the country's agriculture. Densely populated country.
Pollution exporting
Japan relocated dirty factories to other areas (china and southeast china) Japan's pollution is partially displaced to poorer countries
Settlement and Agricultural Patterns in Korea and Taiwan
Korea is also densely populated. South Korea is actually way more populated that Japan. Taiwan is the most densely populated state in East Asia.
Poor Countries have what type of problems?
Less-developed country problems such as... Sudan= food shortage Egypt= poverty, illiterate, brain drain (a phenomenon where some of its bright young people leave for better jobs in Western Europe or US)
Southwest Asia characteristics
Many residents live in well-watered coastal zones, moist highland settings, and desert localities where water is available from nearby rivers and subsurface aquifers.
Cartograms
Maps in which the sizes of areas (such as states or countries) have been distorted to reflect some numerical value applying to that area.
The richest countries have what?
Massive Oil reserves
Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and North Korea have what?
Narrow plains that lie mainly on coasts and rivers
South Korea
Population density (490/sq. km) even higher than that of Japan (338/sq. km) - Mostly crowded into the lowlands of the west and south - Urban primacy: Population of Seoul 10 million, metropolitan area of Seoul contains about 40 % of total population
Proportional Symbols Map
Portray numeric quantities using symbols (e.g., circles, bars, squares, etc.) of which size is proportional to the value at that location
Dot Map
Show a distribution using a pattern of dots, where each dot represents a certain quantity or amount
Flow Line Map
Show flows between locations; thickness of the line is proportional to the volume of the flow
Japan's Physical Environment
Slightly smaller than California, but more elongated. Most of the country is distinctly temperate. Much of Japan is heavily forested.
Settlement and Agricultural patterns in China, Taiwan, and Korea
Taiwan and South Korea are essentially urban. China is largely rural, only half its population living in cities. Rice is dominant crop in China. The North China Plain has long been one of the most thoroughly anthropogenic landscapes (landscape that has been heavily transformed by human activities).
Small Scale Map
The map is bigger but everything is smaller. Like looking at the state of Texas on the map, or the whole country. doesn't show detail.
Spatial Correlation
There is a relationship of population density with physical environment! Close link between water and population density... most in the world!
City Systems: South Korea
Urban Primacy- the concentration of total urban population in a single city
archilelagao
a group of islands
Japan
aging issues - People aged 65 and over: 26% as of 2015 the oldest country in the world - High life expectancy: 80 (Male) and 87 (Female) as of 2015
Rural
agricultural region
Pollution
air pollution! Industrial base expands
Maritime Climate
along Atlantic coast, moderate and moist, modified by oceanic influences
Population Growth in Japan
at negative rates
One of China's most controversial environmental actions has been...
building the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River
City Systems: Japan
center of new urban phenomenon- the superconurbanation, also called megapolis (a huge zone of coalesced metropolitan areas).
Exotic River
come from a humid area and flows into a dry area that otherwise lacks streams Densest rural settlement tied to great river valleys and their seasonal foods of water and fertile nutrients.
Environmental Issues in Japan
considering its large population, it is relatively clean.
Europe's low (or no) natural growth
death rate exceeds birth rate they created family friendly growth rate plans... They used to have a lot of youth and now they have a lot of elders and not a lot of youth. There is a small amount of 30-35 year olds because they were killed in WW2.
Mediterranean Climate
dry summer, found in Southern Europe, from Spain to Greece
Main Streams of Migration
factors to introduce migration dynamics: demographic and socio
Continental Climate
farther inland, hotter summers, and colder winters
The Three Gorges Dam Controversy
government trying to control Yangtze for 2 main reasons: 1. to prevent flooding 2. generate electricity... electricity supplies 3% of China's demand for energy. People argue that the cost will exceed the benefit
Forests and Deforestation
lacks forest
North Africa characteristics
moist slopes of the Atlas Mountains and nearby better-watered coastal districts
Population and Settlement of Southwest Asia and North Africa
most is near the coast, Atlantic Ocean. South Sudan has more than north. Populated around major rivers. Nile river in Egypt. about 500 million people I've in southwest Asia and north Africa.
what makes up most of china's landscape?
mountains and plateau's
Physiological density
number of people per unit area of arable land
Atlantic Ocean
one of the most important climate controls
The League of Arab States
organization to promote the interests of the Arab countries
Russia: the demographic crisis
persistently declining populations. studies predict it will continue to drop. declining population low birth rates relatively high mortality rate (middle aged males) This has been the longest period of decline. no real causes no big political circumstances started offering benefits to mothers who had 2+ children.
Yemen
poorest country in Arabian Peninsula
East Asia's physical geography
situated in the same general latitudinal range as the US, but expands father north and south. much of east asia is geologically active (volcanoes). most common in Japan but more destructive in China.
Population Density
the average number of people living in a square mile or square kilometer
Seoul
the capital of South Korea, by far the largest city in the country.
Large Scale Map
the map is smaller but the area is shown larger. Like zooming into league city on a texas map. shows more detail.
East Asia Environmental Geography
the most serious environmental issues in east Asia are found in china, which stem from its... 1. large population 2. rapid industrial development 3. the unique features of its physical geography
Flooding in China
the most well known... North China plain has historically suffered from both drought and flooding. Worst floods in North China are caused by the Huang He, Yellow River, which cuts across the North China plain--> huge sediment load making it the muddiest major river in the world.
Arithmetic density
total number of people divided by the total amount of land
What are closely linked across rural settlement landscapes of southwest Asia and North Africa?
water and life
What is domestication?
where plants and animals were purposefully selected and bred for their desirable characteristcs
