World Geography Final Exam 1310 JO

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South Korea: Growth

"Ultra-low, lowest-low" TFR

Choropleth Maps

- Apply distinctive colors to predefined areas (e.g. countries or states) to represent different quantities (e.g., rates, percentages, densities, etc.) in each area

China

- Over 1.3 billion people - Over 95% of the population is in the eastern half of the country (China proper) - Rate of urbanization increasing since the 1980s - 3 emerging megalopolis • Beijing-Tianjin • Shanghai-Nanjing (Yangtze Delta) • Hong Kong-Shenzhen-Guangzhou (Xi Delta))

Written Language: Chinese

-Ideographic: each symbol (ideograph or character) represents primarily an idea (rather than a sound!) Advantage: • Two people speaking different languages can communicate through the written symbols which represent the same idea -Disadvantage • Japanese Languages in East Asia • Difficult to learn: one must memorize thousands of characters to be literate • Relatively low literacy rate in China (95%) than Japan (99%) and Korea (both North and South 99%)

Pastoral Nomadism

-In the dryer portions of region -Traditional form of substance agriculture that depends on seasonal movement of livestock (over various distance)

China's Later, longer, fewer program

-Late marriage: 23 years in rural areas; 24 years in • China (cont.) urban areas - Long spacing between births: at least 4 years between the first and second births - Few children: no more than 2 in the city, and 3 in rural areas

Fertile Cresent

-Relatively abundant water resources -Dry summer suitable for evolution of large seeded annual plants -A variety of elevation for trial/experiments for domestication An ecologically diverse zone that stretches from the Levant inland through the fertile hill country of Northern Syria and Iraq.

Kjbbutzes in Israel

-irrigated by the Jordan River and Canals -collective farms and community -account for 9-10% of Israel's total GDP -not naturally suitable for geography for agriculture but agriculture is a highly developed industry for Israel -Major exporter of fresh produce -A wind-leader in agriculture technologies -produce 95% of own food requirements

Transhumance

-over relatively short distance -seasonal movement of livestock to cooler and greener high country pastures in the summer and then returning them to valley and lowland settings for fall and winter grazing

Major themes of Europe's population settlement geography

1. VERY low natural growth 2. the complicated and often problematic patterns of internal international migration 3. high level of urbanization (particularly in the traditional industrial core of western Europe)

3 major climate types

1. maritime climate 2. continental climate 3. Mediterranean climate

The most populous region in the world

1.6 billion people

Japanese

3 systems • Kanji: characters borrowed from Chinese parts of speech not easily represented by Chinese characters Hiragana: a quasi-alphabet expressing words and parts of speech not easily represented by Chinese characters • Katakana: system for spelling words of foreign origin

One child campaign

A limit of one kid per married couple - Education, medical care, free contraceptives, voluntary sterilization - Parents complying with the plan would get better education and health care for their child - Non-compliers were subject to fines and governmental pressure

Plateau

A raised area of level land bordered on one or more sides by steep slopes of cliffs

Fertile

Able to support plant growth

Oasis life

Areas where high groundwater or deep-water wells provide reliable moisture

General climate of Southwest Asia and North Africa

Arid

What makes up most of East Asia's land

China

Korean

Chinese characters were used by 1400s - King Sejong invented "Hangeul" (Korean alphabet) in 1443 - Korean is exclusively used in both South and North Korea Alphabetic: each symbol represents a distinct sound rather than an idea - 10 vowels and 14 consonants

Southwest Asia is one of the earliest hearths of what?

Domestication

What is one of the most populated regions in the world?

East Asia. lowlands of Japan, Korea, and China are among the most intensely used portions of Earth containing major cities and agricultural lands

Southwest Asia and North Africa: Regional economic patterns

Fossil fuels (such as oil and natural gas) reveal the regions importance in the worlds economy. There is a big economic difference between Southwest Asia and North Africa. Some oil-rich countries have prospered greatly since the early 1970's, but in many cases fluctuating oil prices, political disruptions, and rapidly growing populations threaten future economic growth.

Most densely populated region

Hong Kong

General culture of Southwest Asia and North Africa

Islam

However, it is not impossible to prosper without oil... a good example of this is...

Israel who uses Agriculture

Home to worlds largest economies

Japan

Japanese Settlement and Agricultural Patterns

Japan is highly urbanized country, supporting two of the largest metropolitan areas in the world- Tokyo and Osaka. one of the worlds most mountainous countries. agriculture is largely limited to the country's coastal plains and interior basins. Rice is Japan's major crop. Most people are located in the same cities that support the country's agriculture. Densely populated country.

Pollution exporting

Japan relocated dirty factories to other areas (china and southeast china) Japan's pollution is partially displaced to poorer countries

Settlement and Agricultural Patterns in Korea and Taiwan

Korea is also densely populated. South Korea is actually way more populated that Japan. Taiwan is the most densely populated state in East Asia.

Poor Countries have what type of problems?

Less-developed country problems such as... Sudan= food shortage Egypt= poverty, illiterate, brain drain (a phenomenon where some of its bright young people leave for better jobs in Western Europe or US)

Southwest Asia characteristics

Many residents live in well-watered coastal zones, moist highland settings, and desert localities where water is available from nearby rivers and subsurface aquifers.

Cartograms

Maps in which the sizes of areas (such as states or countries) have been distorted to reflect some numerical value applying to that area.

The richest countries have what?

Massive Oil reserves

Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and North Korea have what?

Narrow plains that lie mainly on coasts and rivers

South Korea

Population density (490/sq. km) even higher than that of Japan (338/sq. km) - Mostly crowded into the lowlands of the west and south - Urban primacy: Population of Seoul 10 million, metropolitan area of Seoul contains about 40 % of total population

Proportional Symbols Map

Portray numeric quantities using symbols (e.g., circles, bars, squares, etc.) of which size is proportional to the value at that location

Dot Map

Show a distribution using a pattern of dots, where each dot represents a certain quantity or amount

Flow Line Map

Show flows between locations; thickness of the line is proportional to the volume of the flow

Japan's Physical Environment

Slightly smaller than California, but more elongated. Most of the country is distinctly temperate. Much of Japan is heavily forested.

Settlement and Agricultural patterns in China, Taiwan, and Korea

Taiwan and South Korea are essentially urban. China is largely rural, only half its population living in cities. Rice is dominant crop in China. The North China Plain has long been one of the most thoroughly anthropogenic landscapes (landscape that has been heavily transformed by human activities).

Small Scale Map

The map is bigger but everything is smaller. Like looking at the state of Texas on the map, or the whole country. doesn't show detail.

Spatial Correlation

There is a relationship of population density with physical environment! Close link between water and population density... most in the world!

City Systems: South Korea

Urban Primacy- the concentration of total urban population in a single city

archilelagao

a group of islands

Japan

aging issues - People aged 65 and over: 26% as of 2015 the oldest country in the world - High life expectancy: 80 (Male) and 87 (Female) as of 2015

Rural

agricultural region

Pollution

air pollution! Industrial base expands

Maritime Climate

along Atlantic coast, moderate and moist, modified by oceanic influences

Population Growth in Japan

at negative rates

One of China's most controversial environmental actions has been...

building the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River

City Systems: Japan

center of new urban phenomenon- the superconurbanation, also called megapolis (a huge zone of coalesced metropolitan areas).

Exotic River

come from a humid area and flows into a dry area that otherwise lacks streams Densest rural settlement tied to great river valleys and their seasonal foods of water and fertile nutrients.

Environmental Issues in Japan

considering its large population, it is relatively clean.

Europe's low (or no) natural growth

death rate exceeds birth rate they created family friendly growth rate plans... They used to have a lot of youth and now they have a lot of elders and not a lot of youth. There is a small amount of 30-35 year olds because they were killed in WW2.

Mediterranean Climate

dry summer, found in Southern Europe, from Spain to Greece

Main Streams of Migration

factors to introduce migration dynamics: demographic and socio

Continental Climate

farther inland, hotter summers, and colder winters

The Three Gorges Dam Controversy

government trying to control Yangtze for 2 main reasons: 1. to prevent flooding 2. generate electricity... electricity supplies 3% of China's demand for energy. People argue that the cost will exceed the benefit

Forests and Deforestation

lacks forest

North Africa characteristics

moist slopes of the Atlas Mountains and nearby better-watered coastal districts

Population and Settlement of Southwest Asia and North Africa

most is near the coast, Atlantic Ocean. South Sudan has more than north. Populated around major rivers. Nile river in Egypt. about 500 million people I've in southwest Asia and north Africa.

what makes up most of china's landscape?

mountains and plateau's

Physiological density

number of people per unit area of arable land

Atlantic Ocean

one of the most important climate controls

The League of Arab States

organization to promote the interests of the Arab countries

Russia: the demographic crisis

persistently declining populations. studies predict it will continue to drop. declining population low birth rates relatively high mortality rate (middle aged males) This has been the longest period of decline. no real causes no big political circumstances started offering benefits to mothers who had 2+ children.

Yemen

poorest country in Arabian Peninsula

East Asia's physical geography

situated in the same general latitudinal range as the US, but expands father north and south. much of east asia is geologically active (volcanoes). most common in Japan but more destructive in China.

Population Density

the average number of people living in a square mile or square kilometer

Seoul

the capital of South Korea, by far the largest city in the country.

Large Scale Map

the map is smaller but the area is shown larger. Like zooming into league city on a texas map. shows more detail.

East Asia Environmental Geography

the most serious environmental issues in east Asia are found in china, which stem from its... 1. large population 2. rapid industrial development 3. the unique features of its physical geography

Flooding in China

the most well known... North China plain has historically suffered from both drought and flooding. Worst floods in North China are caused by the Huang He, Yellow River, which cuts across the North China plain--> huge sediment load making it the muddiest major river in the world.

Arithmetic density

total number of people divided by the total amount of land

What are closely linked across rural settlement landscapes of southwest Asia and North Africa?

water and life

What is domestication?

where plants and animals were purposefully selected and bred for their desirable characteristcs


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