World History 8-5

_____________ was probably the best general in the late Roman Empire

Belisarius

__________ defeated the ______________ in Italy

Belisarius Ostrogoths

What was the Hippodrome?

A huge amphitheater for chariot races and other entertainment

Pope Leo III outlawed use of ________ as ___________.

icons idolatry

The Eastern empire had inherited a vast quantity of _________ __________ which Justinian wished to simplify.

legal materials

Most of Constantinople's appearance in the Early Middle Ages was due to Justinian's program of ___________ in the _______ _________

rebuilding sixth century

Legal

relating to law; founded on law

This began a _________________ between the two branches of Christianity.

schism, or seperation

codification

the action or process of arranging laws or rules according to a system or plan

Name four challenges the Eastern Roman Empire was left with:

1) To much territory 2) An empty Treasury 3) A decline in population 4) Renewed threats

Nika Revolt

A devastating riot that took place in early medieval Constantinople, in the Eastern Roman Empire. It threatened the life and reign of Emperor Justinian

Macedonians

A South Slavic ethnic group native to the region of Macedonia.

Icon

A conventional religious image typically painted on a small wooden panel and venerated itself as sacred by Eastern Christians

Schism

A split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties, caused by differences in opinion or belief

Justinian I

Also known as Justinian the Great and Saint Justinian the Great in the Eastern Orthodox Church, was Byzantine emperor from 527-565

Under this line of emperors who ruled from 867 to 1081, into what four areas did the Byzantine Empire expand?

Bulgaria, Islands of Cyprus and Crete, and Syria

By the eighth century the smaller Eastern Roman Empire had become the ____________ _____________

Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire was both a __________ and ____________ state.

Christian Greek

Until the 12th century, ______________ was the greatest center of commerce in Europe during the middle ages.

Constantinople

As a result _______________ turned to Europe for military help which lead to the Byzantine involvement in the ______________ which lead to the downfall of the ___________________.

Emperor Alexus I Crusades Byzantine Empire

Latin was replaced by _________ in the Eastern Roman Empire

Greek

The MOST serious challenge to the Eastern Roman Empire came from the rise of __________

Islam

Name FOUR areas Justinian controlled in his Empire?

Italy, part of Spain, North Africa, and Asia Minor

_________________ wrote defenses of the use of holy images.

John of Damascus

When he became emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, _____________ became determined to reestablish the Roman Empire in the Entire Mediterranean world

Justinian

How did silk worms get to Justinian's Empire?

Munks smuggled them from China to the Byzantine Empire

The Body of Civil law was written in __________ the last product of eastern Roman Culture to be written in this language.

Latin

Under what new dynasty of emperors didnyhe Byzantine Empire endure and even expand?

Macedonian

In 1071 a Turkish army defeated Byzantine forces at _____________.

Manzikert

Hippodrome

The sporting and social centre of Constantinople

John of Damascus

Saint John of Damascus; also known as John Damascene was a Syrian monk and priest

Name four areas of the world and the products they produced that were sent to Constantinople:

Silk from China Spices from India and Southeast Asia Jewellery and Ivory from India Wheat/ Furs from Southern Russia

_________ __________ truly held the Byzantine Empire state together.

Spiritual values

What does excommunicated mean?

Take away the rights of another's church membership

Ostrogoths

The Eastern branch of the later Goths. They traced their origins go the Greutungi. They migrated from the Baltic Sea and established a kingdom north of the Black Sea during the 3rd and 4th centuries. Their empire stretched from the Black Sea to the Baltic

Michael Cerularius

The Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1043 to 1059 A.D., most notable for his mutual excommunication with Pope Leo IX that led to the Great Schism.

Between what two churches was there a growing split?

The Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church

Enormous

huge;vast;immense

Empress Theodora

The empress of the Byzantine Empire and the wife of Justinian. She was the most influential and powerful empress.

Patriarch

The head of the Eastern Orthodox Church originally appointed by the Byzantine emperor

The Body of Civil Law

The modern name for a collection of fundamental works in jurisprudence, issued from 529 to 534 by order of Justinian I.

Idolatry

The worship of physical idol as a god

Possibly, the greatest threat to the Byzantine Empire came from the ___________________ Turks.

advance of the Seljuk

The most important contribution of Justinian I was the _____________ of Roman law

codification

Pope Leo IX the head of the Catholic church in Rome said he was the sole head of the church, but the patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox church disagreed and so they both ____________________ each other

formally excommunicated