World History- Chapter 4: Ancient Greece

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Plato

According to this philosopher, individuals could not achieve a good life unless they lived in a just and rational state.

Delian League

Athenian defensive alliance.

ostracism

Athenian vote of banishment.

Salamis

Battle where the Athenian navy was able to destroy a third of the Persian fleet in 479 B.C.

answers vary

Causes/Results of Persian Wars 499-479 B.C.

answers vary

Causes/Results of the Peloponnesian War 431-404 B.C.

Thycydides

Considered by many historians to be the greatest historian of the ancient world.

Mycenaeans

Early Greek people who most probably invaded and destroyed the Minoan civilization.

Alexandria

Greek capital of Egypt.

Herodotus

Greek historian who wrote History of the Persian Wars.

Sophocles

Greek playwright who wrote Oedipus Rex

Tyrants

Greek rulers who seized power by force from the aristocracy.

Alexander the Great

His conquests caused language, art, architecture, and literature to spread throughout Southeast Asia.

Macedonia

Home to Alexander the Great.

Crete

Island were the Minoan civilization emerged.

Zeus

Main Olympic god.

Darius

Persian monarch at the Battle of Marathon.

Xerxes

Persian monarch.

Sophists

Sold their services as professional teachers.

the Aeolians and Dorians

Two major groups settled within Greece itself.

Persia

Wanted revenge against the Greeks when the Greeks had supported an uprising in colonies under Persian control.

Corrupting the youth

What crime was Socrates charged with?

Abandoned their city.

What did the Athenians do after losing the Battle of Thermopylae?

3/4

What fraction of Greece is covered by mountains?

Mountains and seacoast

What physical features most influenced Greek history?

Thermopylae Pass

Where Spartan troops were especially brave even though the Greek army was vastly outnumbered.

Mount Olympus

Where the Greeks gods lived according to Greek religion.

Socrates

Who said, "the unexamined life is not worth living"?

Minoans

bronze-using peoples who lived on Crete

polis

central focus of Greek life; city-state

ephors

elected members of Sparta's oligarchy

Iliad and Odysses

epics poems written by blind poet Homer.

Phoenicians

gave the world the phonetic alphabet; were excellent shipbuilders.

hoplites

heavily armed foot soldiers

Age of Pericles

height of Athenian power and brillance

spartan

highly self disciplined

Archimedes

important because of his work on the geometry of spheres and cylinders; also for establishing the value of pi

Athena

patron goddess of Athens

Parthenon

regarded as the greatest example of a Greek temple.

Cleisthenes

responsible for laying the foundation of Athenian democracy.

oligarchy

rule by a few; type of government in Sparta.

oracle

sacred shrine where priests revealed the future.

phalanx

shoulder to shoulder formation of hoplites

Marathon

starting point of Pheidippides' 26-mile run.

arete

striving for excellence

Triremes

sturdy ships with battering ram in front for battle.

Socratic method

teaching approach using question/answer

Philip II

the father of Alexander the Great.

Ionia

the western shores of Asia Minor where many Greeks settled

Dorians

took over after the Mycenaean.

acropolis

used for religious festivals and as a fortress; sits atop a hill.


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