World History- Chapter 4: Ancient Greece
Plato
According to this philosopher, individuals could not achieve a good life unless they lived in a just and rational state.
Delian League
Athenian defensive alliance.
ostracism
Athenian vote of banishment.
Salamis
Battle where the Athenian navy was able to destroy a third of the Persian fleet in 479 B.C.
answers vary
Causes/Results of Persian Wars 499-479 B.C.
answers vary
Causes/Results of the Peloponnesian War 431-404 B.C.
Thycydides
Considered by many historians to be the greatest historian of the ancient world.
Mycenaeans
Early Greek people who most probably invaded and destroyed the Minoan civilization.
Alexandria
Greek capital of Egypt.
Herodotus
Greek historian who wrote History of the Persian Wars.
Sophocles
Greek playwright who wrote Oedipus Rex
Tyrants
Greek rulers who seized power by force from the aristocracy.
Alexander the Great
His conquests caused language, art, architecture, and literature to spread throughout Southeast Asia.
Macedonia
Home to Alexander the Great.
Crete
Island were the Minoan civilization emerged.
Zeus
Main Olympic god.
Darius
Persian monarch at the Battle of Marathon.
Xerxes
Persian monarch.
Sophists
Sold their services as professional teachers.
the Aeolians and Dorians
Two major groups settled within Greece itself.
Persia
Wanted revenge against the Greeks when the Greeks had supported an uprising in colonies under Persian control.
Corrupting the youth
What crime was Socrates charged with?
Abandoned their city.
What did the Athenians do after losing the Battle of Thermopylae?
3/4
What fraction of Greece is covered by mountains?
Mountains and seacoast
What physical features most influenced Greek history?
Thermopylae Pass
Where Spartan troops were especially brave even though the Greek army was vastly outnumbered.
Mount Olympus
Where the Greeks gods lived according to Greek religion.
Socrates
Who said, "the unexamined life is not worth living"?
Minoans
bronze-using peoples who lived on Crete
polis
central focus of Greek life; city-state
ephors
elected members of Sparta's oligarchy
Iliad and Odysses
epics poems written by blind poet Homer.
Phoenicians
gave the world the phonetic alphabet; were excellent shipbuilders.
hoplites
heavily armed foot soldiers
Age of Pericles
height of Athenian power and brillance
spartan
highly self disciplined
Archimedes
important because of his work on the geometry of spheres and cylinders; also for establishing the value of pi
Athena
patron goddess of Athens
Parthenon
regarded as the greatest example of a Greek temple.
Cleisthenes
responsible for laying the foundation of Athenian democracy.
oligarchy
rule by a few; type of government in Sparta.
oracle
sacred shrine where priests revealed the future.
phalanx
shoulder to shoulder formation of hoplites
Marathon
starting point of Pheidippides' 26-mile run.
arete
striving for excellence
Triremes
sturdy ships with battering ram in front for battle.
Socratic method
teaching approach using question/answer
Philip II
the father of Alexander the Great.
Ionia
the western shores of Asia Minor where many Greeks settled
Dorians
took over after the Mycenaean.
acropolis
used for religious festivals and as a fortress; sits atop a hill.