WORLD HISTORY: Chapter 5: Egypt-The Gift of the Nile
disaster
something that causes harm
survey
to measure land
north
which way does the Nile River flow?
New Kingdom
Also known as the "Empire Age" because this was the time of their expansion
birth
For Egyptians, what does the sun rising in the east symbolize?
death
For Egyptians, what does the sun setting in the west symbolize?
Menes
God king that conquered lower Egypt and built Memphis. not known if he was a "real" person
Egpyt
Historians call this "the gift of the Nile"
in ancient Egypt, the pharaoh had absolute power and complete control over their people
Why did the ancient Egypt's rulers have more authority than most rulers do today?
because they believed in life after death, they mummified their dead in order to prepare them for the afterlife
Why did the ancient Egyptians mummify their dead?
the flooding of the Nile each year made rich farmland. It was huge "highway" for traders, government officials and the pharaoh could travel to keep the country united
Why was the Nile River so important to the Egyptians?
Old Kingdom
known as the "Pyramid Age" because pharaohs were buried in pyramids only during this time
mummy
made by wrapping the dead in cloth strips
foreigner
person from another country
hieroglyphics
picture-like symbols used for writing in Egypt
tomb
place to bury the dead
wealthy
rich; having wealth
Rosetta Stone
tablet discovered by Napoleon's Army that had three types of writing
obelisk
tall pointed stone pillar
Nile River
the longest river in the world at over 4,000 miles long
economy
the system of making and trading things
adopt
to begin to use
unite
to bring together
drain
to draw off water from a swampy or wet place
combine
to put together into one
organize
to set up or to get a series of things in order
annex
to take over; to add a piece of land to one's country
delta
triangular shaped area of fertile land
cubit
unit measurement that is the length from the end of the middle finger to the elbow
King Tutankhamen "King Tut"
19 year old pharaoh who died and whose tomb was discovered in tact in 1922
Sphinx
This has the body of a lion and the head of a pharoah
the number 10
Upon what was the Egyptian counting system based?
Mediterranean Sea
What body of water does the Nile River flow into?
Treaty of Kadesh
What is the oldest surviving written peace treaty?
Greek, Egyptian and heiroglyphics
What three languages were on the Rosetta Stone?
ancient Egyptians believed the pharaoh descended from the gods and that the yearly flooding of the Nile and abundant harvests were provided by the pharaoh
What unusual powers did the Egyptians believe the pharaohs have and why?
Giza
Where are the three most famous pyramids located?
caravan
groups of traders that traveled together for safety through deserts
fever
high body temperature
Hyksos
invaded Egypt in 1630 BCE and had horse drawn chariots, bronze and iron weapons, and armor
Middle Kingdom
kingdom that began around 2040 BCE. Known as Egypt's Golden Age
Hapi
Egyptian river God
Ra
Egyptian sun God
Cleopatra
Queen of Egypt who killed herself to avoid surrendering to the Romans
basin
a bowl like area for storing water
offering
a gift made to a god
Pharoah
a king or ruler of Egypt. Considered to be both king and priest
armor
a metal covering that protects the body in battle
projects
a plan of work; a series of jobs
papyrus
a reed from the Nile used to make paper
scroll
a roll of papyrus
dynasty
a series of rulers from the same family or ethnic group
Ikhnaton
became Pharaoh in 1372 BCE. Believed Aton, the sun god, was the only god
New Kingdom
began about 1600 BCE. Time of rule by strong pharoahs
Thutmose III
built army bases and set up an Egyptian navy
Thebes
capital of Egypt during the Middle Kingdom
Memphis
capital of Egypt during the time of Menes. Built where Upper and Lower Egypt meet.
Cairo
capital of present day Egypt
Howard Carter
discovered King Tut's tomb
loyal
faithful
civil war
fighting between people within their own country
Hatshepsut
first woman pharoah
