WORLD HISTORY: Chapter 5: Egypt-The Gift of the Nile

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disaster

something that causes harm

survey

to measure land

north

which way does the Nile River flow?

New Kingdom

Also known as the "Empire Age" because this was the time of their expansion

birth

For Egyptians, what does the sun rising in the east symbolize?

death

For Egyptians, what does the sun setting in the west symbolize?

Menes

God king that conquered lower Egypt and built Memphis. not known if he was a "real" person

Egpyt

Historians call this "the gift of the Nile"

in ancient Egypt, the pharaoh had absolute power and complete control over their people

Why did the ancient Egypt's rulers have more authority than most rulers do today?

because they believed in life after death, they mummified their dead in order to prepare them for the afterlife

Why did the ancient Egyptians mummify their dead?

the flooding of the Nile each year made rich farmland. It was huge "highway" for traders, government officials and the pharaoh could travel to keep the country united

Why was the Nile River so important to the Egyptians?

Old Kingdom

known as the "Pyramid Age" because pharaohs were buried in pyramids only during this time

mummy

made by wrapping the dead in cloth strips

foreigner

person from another country

hieroglyphics

picture-like symbols used for writing in Egypt

tomb

place to bury the dead

wealthy

rich; having wealth

Rosetta Stone

tablet discovered by Napoleon's Army that had three types of writing

obelisk

tall pointed stone pillar

Nile River

the longest river in the world at over 4,000 miles long

economy

the system of making and trading things

adopt

to begin to use

unite

to bring together

drain

to draw off water from a swampy or wet place

combine

to put together into one

organize

to set up or to get a series of things in order

annex

to take over; to add a piece of land to one's country

delta

triangular shaped area of fertile land

cubit

unit measurement that is the length from the end of the middle finger to the elbow

King Tutankhamen "King Tut"

19 year old pharaoh who died and whose tomb was discovered in tact in 1922

Sphinx

This has the body of a lion and the head of a pharoah

the number 10

Upon what was the Egyptian counting system based?

Mediterranean Sea

What body of water does the Nile River flow into?

Treaty of Kadesh

What is the oldest surviving written peace treaty?

Greek, Egyptian and heiroglyphics

What three languages were on the Rosetta Stone?

ancient Egyptians believed the pharaoh descended from the gods and that the yearly flooding of the Nile and abundant harvests were provided by the pharaoh

What unusual powers did the Egyptians believe the pharaohs have and why?

Giza

Where are the three most famous pyramids located?

caravan

groups of traders that traveled together for safety through deserts

fever

high body temperature

Hyksos

invaded Egypt in 1630 BCE and had horse drawn chariots, bronze and iron weapons, and armor

Middle Kingdom

kingdom that began around 2040 BCE. Known as Egypt's Golden Age

Hapi

Egyptian river God

Ra

Egyptian sun God

Cleopatra

Queen of Egypt who killed herself to avoid surrendering to the Romans

basin

a bowl like area for storing water

offering

a gift made to a god

Pharoah

a king or ruler of Egypt. Considered to be both king and priest

armor

a metal covering that protects the body in battle

projects

a plan of work; a series of jobs

papyrus

a reed from the Nile used to make paper

scroll

a roll of papyrus

dynasty

a series of rulers from the same family or ethnic group

Ikhnaton

became Pharaoh in 1372 BCE. Believed Aton, the sun god, was the only god

New Kingdom

began about 1600 BCE. Time of rule by strong pharoahs

Thutmose III

built army bases and set up an Egyptian navy

Thebes

capital of Egypt during the Middle Kingdom

Memphis

capital of Egypt during the time of Menes. Built where Upper and Lower Egypt meet.

Cairo

capital of present day Egypt

Howard Carter

discovered King Tut's tomb

loyal

faithful

civil war

fighting between people within their own country

Hatshepsut

first woman pharoah


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