World History Final Study Guide
Montesquieu developed the idea of ᅚA: separation of powers. ᅞB: laissez-faire. ᅞC: philosophe. ᅞD: social contract.
A
Much of the Bill of Rights was based on ideas from ᅚA: the Enlightenment. ᅞB: Britain's constitution. ᅞC: the monarchies of Europe. ᅞD: the Stamp Act. 1
A
Peter the Great gained access to the Baltic Sea when ᅚA: Russia defeated Sweden in a war. ᅞB: Russia developed a navy. ᅞC: Russia became a great military state. ᅞD: Ivan IV died. 1/1
A
Ptolemy believed that the universe was geocentric, or ᅚA: Earth-centered. ᅞB: concentric. ᅞC: moon-centered. ᅞD: sun-centered.
A
This economic theory stated that business should be allowed to operate with little or no governmental interference. ᅚA: Laissez faire ᅞB: Capitalism ᅞC: Communism ᅞD: Empiricism 1/
A
What led to the Glorious Revolution? ᅚA: fear that a Catholic king would help Catholics take over the country ᅞB: the extreme anti-Protestant sentiment among the royals ᅞC: Cromwell's execution of King Charles I ᅞD: the passage of laws against Catholics and Puritans 1/
A
Which baroque artist's paintings richly showed the human form in action? ᅚA: Rubens ᅞB: El Greco ᅞC: Shakespeare ᅞD: Bernini 1/1
A
Which of the following contributed to Spain's failing economy? ᅚA: Mines produced less silver. ᅞB: European population was on the decline. ᅞC: Mines produced too much silver. ᅞD: Philip II did not spend enough money on warfare. 1/
A
Which of the following is true about the Austrian Empire? ᅚA: The empire was made up of many different national groups. ᅞB: The empire was ruled by a parliament. ᅞC: Each territory had its own laws and political life. ᅞD: The empire included territory in western Europe only. 1/
A
Which of the following was an important factor in the defeat of Napoleon? ᅚA: growing nationalism in other countries ᅞB: foreign military tactics ᅞC: his commitment to the Revolution ᅞD: loss of support from the French people
A
Why did Philip II attack England? ᅚA: He wanted to overthrow Protestantism in England. ᅞB: He thought Elizabeth I had become too powerful. ᅞC: He did not believe in the Act of Supremacy. ᅞD: He wanted to add England to his empire. 1/1
A
Why did the Catholic Church attack Galileo? ᅚA: The system Galileo defended went against the Christian view of the universe. ᅞB: Galileo refused to share his new information with the Church. ᅞC: Most astronomers already agreed that the planets revolved around the sun. ᅞD: Motion in the universe had not yet been explained.
A
Why did the women of Paris march to Versailles? ᅚA: They demanded that the king provide them with bread for their families. ᅞB: They demanded the right to vote. ᅞC: They wanted the ability to own property by themselves. ᅞD: They wanted the king to reopen the Catholic churches.
A
Why was the Act of Supremacy important? ᅚA: It named Elizabeth I the leader of church and state. ᅞB: It named Philip II "The Most Catholic King." ᅞC: It established the Holy Roman Empire. ᅞD: It ended the Thirty Years' War. 1/
A
According to the scientific method, the best way to understand the physical world is to ᅞA: read the opinions held by famous scientists. ᅚB: use inductive reasoning. ᅞC: begin with general principles. ᅞD: propose theories before doing anything else.
B
During the French Revolution, Napoleon ᅞA: invaded England. ᅚB: fought battles in Italy and Egypt. ᅞC: invaded India and Egypt. ᅞD: defended France from invaders.
B
Enlightenment ideas included ᅞA: the right to pay low taxes. ᅚB: freedom of religion. ᅞC: equality between women and men. ᅞD: winning wars.
B
In his novel, Candide, who used fictional characters to express his views criticizing the French monarchy? ᅞA: Montesquieu ᅚB: Voltaire ᅞC: Denis Diderot ᅞD: Jean Jacques Rousseau 1/
B
Liberalism and nationalism were often connected during the nineteenth century because ᅞA: both philosophies believed that great powers should intervene during revolutions. ᅚB: both philosophies believed that each group of people should have their own state. ᅞC: both philosophies believed in social stability. ᅞD: liberals and nationalists got along.
B
Mary Wollstonecraft argued that only through this could women be given the knowledge to participate equally with men in public life. ᅞA: the right to vote ᅚB: an equal education ᅞC: the right to own property ᅞD: freedom of speech 1/
B
The Enlightenment thinkers, or philosophers, tried to change the world by ᅞA: including the ideas of the Church. ᅚB: using rational criticism. ᅞC: forcing people to accept their ideas. ᅞD: giving people what they wanted.
B
The French people were divided into three groups called ᅞA: Bourgeoisie ᅚB: Estates ᅞC: Classes ᅞD: Sects
B
The new scientific method of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries relied on ᅞA: "natural philosophers." ᅚB: direct observation and experiment. ᅞC: Greek thinker Aristotle. ᅞD: scientific knowledge that already existed.
B
The royal court at Versailles was used by Louis XIV ᅞA: as France's main cathedral. ᅚB: as the center for state offices. ᅞC: as the first university. ᅞD: to listen to concerns of the peasantry. 1/
B
The tax paid by the French peasants to the government was known as ᅞA: Tithe ᅚB: Taille ᅞC: Tariff ᅞD: Torture
B
What was the name given to French Protestants? ᅞA: Calvinists ᅚB: Huguenots ᅞC: Puritans ᅞD: Lutherans
B
Which of the following is an amendment in the Bill of Rights? ᅞA: free education ᅚB: freedom of religion ᅞC: free medical care ᅞD: freedom for everyone to vote 1
B
Which of the following is not a natural right identified by John Locke? ᅞA: Liberty ᅚB: The pursuit of happiness ᅞC: Life ᅞD: Property 1/
B
Who said that at birth the mind is a tabula rasa, or blank slate? ᅞA: Thomas Hobbes ᅚB: John Locke ᅞC: Jean Jacques Rousseau ᅞD: Montesquieu
B
Cromwell and his New Model Army represented mostly _____ during England's civil war. ᅞA: royalty ᅞB: imprisoned citizens ᅚC: Puritans ᅞD: Catholics 1/
C
How did the Reign of Terror finally end? ᅞA: The corruption in France ended, so there was no more need for the Terror to exist. ᅞB: Foreign armies took control of those causing the Terror. ᅚC: Robespierre was executed and the Jacobins lost power. ᅞD: The peasants overpowered the king and ended the revolution.
C
How did the telescope contribute to Galileo's theories? ᅞA: Church elders could see the motion in the universe for themselves and support Galileo. ᅞB: The telescope made automatic measurements of the movements in the universe. ᅚC: Through the telescope, Galileo could see how bodies in the universe moved and what they were made of. ᅞD: Galileo invented the telescope and earned money to carry out his work selling them.
C
On the verge of financial crisis, Louis XVI was forced to call a meeting of the ᅞA: Third Estate ᅞB: Enlightenment thinkers ᅚC: Estates-General ᅞD: aristocrats
C
The Declaration of the Rights of Man helped bring down the French government by ᅞA: declaring open war on the royalty. ᅞB: elevating the peasant class to a ruling class. ᅚC: taking away many royal and aristocratic privileges, like tax exemption. ᅞD: giving women political rights.
C
The Edict of Nantes settled civil war in ᅞA: Spain between heretics and Charles V. ᅞB: England between Elizabeth I and Mary I. ᅚC: France between Catholics and Protestants. ᅞD: the Spanish Netherlands between the Netherlands and Belgium. 1/
C
The French idea that eventually became part of the U.S. Constitution is ᅞA: deism. ᅞB: salon. ᅚC: separation of powers. ᅞD: laissez-faire.
C
The Reign of Terror began after the death of ᅞA: Napoleon ᅞB: Robespierre ᅚC: Louis XVI ᅞD: Marie Antoinette
C
The most populous segment of French society was the ᅞA: First Estate ᅞB: Second Estate ᅚC: Third Estate ᅞD: Nobility
C
What was the "divine right of kings"? ᅞA: the right of a king to rule his country ᅞB: the right that allows a king to pass the right to rule down to his sons ᅚC: the idea that the king gets his power from God ᅞD: a king's right to rule for life 1/
C
What were the three Estates of French citizens? ᅞA: King, nobility, common people ᅞB: Clergy, knights, farmers ᅚC: Clergy, nobility, common people ᅞD: King, clergy, common people
C
When Napoleon was first consul, he ᅞA: controlled the military only. ᅞB: managed the bureaucracy only. ᅚC: had absolute power. ᅞD: worked closely with the rural areas.
C
Which country was a part of the Hapsburg empire? ᅞA: France ᅞB: Russia ᅚC: Hungary ᅞD: Germany 1/
C
Which of the following were major elements in art, music, and architecture of the baroque period? ᅞA: harmony and balance ᅞB: realism and clarity ᅚC: drama and motion ᅞD: fear and loathing
C
Which type of writing reached new heights in both England and Spain? ᅞA: poetry ᅞB: novels ᅚC: theater ᅞD: periodicals
C
Who led the victorious forces at Waterloo? ᅞA: Napoleon ᅞB: Prince Klemens von Metternich ᅚC: the Duke of Wellington ᅞD: Louis XVIII
C
Why did Fredrick William of Prussia build a large standing army? ᅞA: The Commissariat raised taxes for the army. ᅞB: Every other country had a standing army. ᅚC: Prussia had no natural frontiers for defense. ᅞD: The Junkers served as officers in the army. 1/
C
European leaders who had defeated Napoleon met to arrange peace and to restore the old order, including restoring royal families to power at the ᅞA: Council of Rome ᅞB: Conference of Berlin ᅞC: Convention of Salzburg ᅚD: Congress of Vienna
D
In 1799, _________ led a coup d'état to destroy the Directory. ᅞA: Robespierre ᅞB: the sans-culottes ᅞC: the National Assembly ᅚD: Napoleon Bonaparte
D
One of the most important causes of the economic crisis that caused the French Revolution was ᅞA: the new United States of America. ᅞB: economic expansion. ᅞC: an economic slowdown. ᅚD: shortage of food.
D
Philip II used Catholicism ᅞA: to defeat the Turks. ᅞB: to show a good example. ᅞC: as a basis for the Holy League. ᅚD: to strengthen his control. 1/
D
Rousseau's idea of freedom included ᅞA: doing anything a person wants. ᅞB: being enslaved by the government. ᅞC: living in the city half of the time. ᅚD: doing what is best for the general will.
D
The federal system outlined in the new constitution contained ᅞA: only an executive, who was elected by all the people. ᅞB: one main center of power, with three subsidiary branches that can make suggestions. ᅞC: two branches, with both branches having equal power. ᅚD: three branches, in which each branch has the power to restrain the other branches.
D
The universal law of gravitation was proposed by ᅞA: Lavoisier. ᅞB: Copernicus. ᅞC: Galileo. ᅚD: Newton.
D
This person was known as the father of capitalism. ᅞA: John Locke ᅞB: Thomas Jefferson ᅞC: Thomas Paine ᅚD: Adam Smith 1/
D
What was the "Great Retreat"? ᅞA: the Russian army's retreat to Moscow ᅞB: Great Britain's retreat across the sea from France ᅞC: France's retreat north from Spain ᅚD: Napoleon's army's retreat west across Russia
D
What was the Bourgeoisie? ᅞA: Peasants ᅞB: Soldiers ᅞC: Revolutionaries ᅚD: Skilled workers
D
What were subsistance riots? ᅞA: Women marched on Versailles demanding food from the king. ᅞB: Farmers in the French countryside were siezing landowned by the Catholic church. ᅞC: Mobs stormed the Bastille to get ammnition for the Revolution. ᅚD: Peasants rioted in Paris in order to obtain bread and other food.
D
Which of the following did Cardinal Richelieu do? ᅞA: He crushed a revolt led by nobles. ᅞB: He named Louis XIV the Sun King. ᅞC: He repressed Catholicism. ᅚD: He centralized power under the king. 1/
D
Which political philosopher was not an influence on the growing middle class to revolt against the French king? ᅞA: John Locke ᅞB: Jean Jacques Rousseau ᅞC: Montesquieu ᅚD: Thomas Hobbes
D
Who were supporters of King Charles I in the English Civil War? ᅞA: Puritans ᅞB: Roundheads ᅞC: Protestants ᅚD: Cavaliers 1/
D
Why was the defeat of the Spanish Armada significant for Spain? ᅞA: It allowed France to take control of trade routes through the English Channel. ᅞB: It forced Spain to give up all claims it had to rule the Netherlands ᅞC: It showed that having a strong army was more important than a strong navy. ᅚD: It damaged Spain's power at sea and helped begin Spain's decline as a world power.
D