World Studies 2nd Semester Final Review

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the invention of the printing press

Which factor contributed most to the spread of Martin Luther's ideas throughout Europe?

the chaos caused by years of civil war within the Incan Empire

Which factor contributed to the Spanish defeat of the Incas?

a lack of opportunities for economic mobility

Which factor contributed to the outbreak of the French Revolution?

power struggles among the major European countries

Which factor explains why the European nations searched for new trade routes to Africa and Asia?

collectivizing the agricultural system

Which method did Stalin use to try to modernize the Soviet Union?

vassals

Which people agreed to use a part of the lord's land and promised to be loyal and fight for their lord?

progressivism

Which philosophy advocated some government regulation as a way to benefit the economy

a conflict between rival alliances

Which phrase best describes World War I?

to establish naval bases

Which phrase best explains why imperial powers initially claimed the Pacific Islands?

Rushes were difficult to replace and collected waste and germs.

Which problem resulted from the use of rushes to create floors in medieval European homes?

restoring the nation to the glory of an earlier period

Which promise helped Italy's fascist leader of the 1930s come to power?

decentralization and conflict

Which qualities characterized the political climate of Italy during the late Middle Ages?

a realistic depiction of the human body

Which quality is commonly seen in paintings by Michelangelo, Raphael, and van Eyck?

The sale of forgiveness undermined the moral authority and religious teachings of the Church.

Which statement best explains why leaders of the Reformation objected to indulgences?

a revolt led by Japanese bureaucrats and warriors

Which development brought about the Meiji Restoration?

The French monarchy was abolished.

Which development was a result of Austria and Prussia's invasion of France in 1792?

widespread bank failures

Which economic development closely followed the stock market crash of 1929?

the Boxer Rebellion

Which event most encouraged the emergence of Chinese nationalism?

the convening of the Berlin Conference

Which event prompted the race to carve up Africa into European colonies?

Samuel de Champlain

Which explorer founded the French colony of Quebec?

maneuvering by European nations to serve their own interests

Which factor contributed most to Greek independence from the Ottoman Empire?

a steady expansion of the political power of the Catholic Church

Which factor contributed most to beginning of the Reformation?

located far from the Catholic capital in Rome

Nations that supported the Protestant Reformation were commonly

govern effectively

Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince addressed the question of how societies should best

the formation of a worldview that challenged tradition

The Scientific Revolution resulted in which change in European society?

Luther's translation of the Bible into German

The accomplishments of William Tyndale were most similar to

John Locke

The concept of individualism was most central to the political ideas of

Hispaniola

Where was sugarcane first grown in the Caribbean region?

woodblock printing

Which Chinese art form had the greatest influence on the Italian Renaissance?

Richard I

Which English king was considered to be an ineffective ruler because he spent most of his reign fighting the Crusades?

Voltaire

Which Enlightenment thinker produced plays and poems, as well as historical and philosophical essays?

France

Which European power focused on establishing a fur trade with Native Americans?

Humans are fully capable of developing knowledge and skills in all areas.

Which Renaissance idea was best exemplified by Leonardo da Vinci?

those that caused harm to the most people

Which actions did utilitarian thinkers consider to be wrong?

selling African ivory in Europe

Which activity would have brought the greatest wealth to a European who ran trading posts in Africa?

Second Battle of the Marne

Which battle began as a result of Germany's final major offensive in World War I?

the Congress of Vienna

Which body made decisions that redrew the boundaries of Europe?

a sharp increase in the demand for and cost of laborers

Which change in the economy of Europe was a result of outbreaks of the bubonic plague?

increasing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union

Which description best applies to the Allies' conferences at Yalta and Potsdam?

European nations' desire to expand trade with other regions

Which desire contributed to the start of the Age of Exploration?

European advances in navigational technology

Which factor contributed most to the beginning of the Age of Exploration?

development of a powerful navy

Which factor enabled England to expand its participation in the European trade with Asia?

creating stable allies

Which goal did U.S. policy toward Germany and Japan after World War II aim to accomplish?

peasants

Which group most benefited from the economic impact of outbreaks of the bubonic plague?

Italian patrons

Which group supported those who conducted the early work of the Renaissance?

The government should represent the will of the people.

Which idea did Enlightenment thinkers most directly borrow from ancient Greek democracy and Roman republicanism?

the steam-powered pump

Which invention directly addressed a problem the coal-mining industry faced?

Henry the Navigator

Which leader financed explorers to look for a new trade route for Portugal?

It allowed them to trade in China but limited their access to Chinese territory.

Which policy did the Chinese government first adopt with regard to European traders?

the dumping of garbage and waste in the street

Which practice is an example of the poor hygienic practices in the Middle Ages?

It should promote private ownership and profit-making.

Which statement best describes Adam Smith's ideas about the economy?

Germany occupied most of mainland Europe.

Which statement best describes the military situation in Europe at the beginning of 1942?

It brought wealth to the families who supported Italian artists and thinkers.

Which statement best explains how foreign trade contributed to the start of the Renaissance?

They wanted to find a short sea route to Asia by traveling west from Europe.

Which statement best explains the primary motivation of European explorers during the 1500s?

The Renaissance helped bring on the Age of Exploration because of its technological innovations and renewed spirit of investigation.

Which statement best explains the relationship between the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration?

They were no longer dependent on their lords for their armies.

Which statement best explains why economic growth helped kings increase their power?

Muslim scholars had preserved many of the writings of ancient Greece and Rome that influenced Renaissance thinkers.

Which statement best explains why the Muslim world had an important influence on the development of Renaissance ideas?

It suffered little damage to its economy during the war.

Which statement best explains why the United States emerged from World War II as the world's dominant power?

Many victims of the disease developed large boils on the surface of their skin.

Which statement best explains why the bubonic plague infected so many Europeans?

He spread Protestantism into England.

Which statement describes William Tyndale's major accomplishment during the Reformation?

People became increasingly frightened of the disease.

Which statement describes a result of regular repeated outbreaks of the bubonic plague?

Both were dominated by powerful wealthy families.

Which statement describes a similarity between Italian republics and signorias?

The Spanish colonists often set up plantations, but the English colonists often set up small-scale commercial farms.

Which statement describes difference between Spanish and English colonization in in the Americas?

Prices declined, and a greater variety of goods were available to consumers.

Which statement describes how members of the working class benefitted from industrialization?

It broadened food options

Which statement describes how the Columbian Exchange affected Europe?

There was no centralized power during the early Middle Ages.

Which statement explains why the feudal system developed?

the large amount of German debt owed as a result of World War I

Which was a major cause of Germany's economic crisis of the 1920s?

They believed that laissez-faire approaches contributed to financial problems

Why did people support policies that increased the role of government in the economy during the Great Depression?

modern moviemaking

William Shakespeare has most strongly influenced which of the following

plays and sonnets

William Shakespeare's main works were

William the Conqueror

William of Normandy, who became king of England in 1066, was known as

control over the means of production

What did Marx believe workers needed to ensure economic fairness?

rational thought

The central value of the Scientific Revolution was

Portuguese traders

The first Europeans to be in contact with the Japanese were

. It spurred development of independence movements within those colonies.

What impact did World War I have on European colonies in Africa and Asia?

to begin retaking territory in western Europe

What was the Allies' purpose for launching Operation Overlord?

knowledge about human anatomy

Andreas Vesalius contributed

It supported countries' establishment of overseas military bases.

How did nationalism indirectly contribute to imperialism?

punishing Germany for the war

The Treaty of Versailles accomplished which British and French goal?

uncover heretics within the Catholic Church

The purpose of the Inquisition was to

It provided European capitalists with easy access to raw materials.

Which statement explains how European imperialism relates to the Industrial Revolution?

Peasants could gain economic opportunity and status by escaping to a city.

"Town air brings freedom." —medieval proverb Which idea does this proverb represent?

an essay on surgical practices written in Latin

A Renaissance thinker would have been most likely to study which written work?

a desire to improve society

A common theme among Enlightenment thinkers was

one-third

About what proportion of Europe's 14th-century population died as a result of outbreaks of the bubonic plague?

It would cause the best businesses to survive and benefit society.

According to social Darwinists, how did natural selection support laissez-faire capitalism?

the use of cannons against castles

After the Hundred Years' War feudalism declined and a new age in warfare began as a result of

teachings of the Catholic Church

As a result of the Scientific Revolution, many European thinkers began to question the

the declarations of the pope

Before the Scientific Revolution, Europeans seeking to explain the workings of the universe would most likely have relied upon which source?

Canton

Chinese leaders limited Portuguese traders to settlements in

They bartered with African traders.

During the early stages of the Age of Exploration, how did Europeans obtain the goods they needed from Africa?

the natural rights of individuals

Enlightenment philosophers most strongly supported the belief that all societies should observe

by capturing Belgium first

How was Nazi Germany able to defeat France?

Both analyzed the functions and organization of government.

How were The Spirit of the Laws and Two Treatises on Government similar?

people's actions do not ultimately determine whether or not they will go to Heaven

In contrast to the Catholic Church, John Calvin believed that

planets obey regular laws of motion

Johannes Kepler's most lasting contribution to modern science was his claim that

the Mona Lisa

Leonardo da Vinci's best-known work of art is known as

perceived ideas about the universe

The Scientific Revolution most directly resulted in challenges to

practical problem solving

Renaissance humanism emphasized which concept?

ideas of the ancient world

Renaissance humanists focused their studies on the

practice their religion

Settlers at Plymouth moved to North America in order to

warfare among kingdoms in West Africa

Slavery within the African kingdoms was a result of

questioned claims made in biblical passages

The Catholic Church considered some thinkers of the Scientific Revolution to be heretics because they

a fur trade

The Dutch founded settlements in North America primarily to establish

it set limits on the power of the king

The Magna Carta was important because

an increase in the wealth of kings

The growing economy of Europe during the high Middle Ages led to

fight heresy within the Catholic Church

The original purpose of the Inquisition was to

operation of the Mediterranean trade system

The ruling class in Renaissance Italy made important contributions to the

Leonardo da Vinci

The studies of Andreas Vesalius built most directly on methods used by which Renaissance figure?

Leonardo and Michelangelo

The works produced by Raphael were most strongly influenced by


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