World Studies 2nd Semester Final Review
the invention of the printing press
Which factor contributed most to the spread of Martin Luther's ideas throughout Europe?
the chaos caused by years of civil war within the Incan Empire
Which factor contributed to the Spanish defeat of the Incas?
a lack of opportunities for economic mobility
Which factor contributed to the outbreak of the French Revolution?
power struggles among the major European countries
Which factor explains why the European nations searched for new trade routes to Africa and Asia?
collectivizing the agricultural system
Which method did Stalin use to try to modernize the Soviet Union?
vassals
Which people agreed to use a part of the lord's land and promised to be loyal and fight for their lord?
progressivism
Which philosophy advocated some government regulation as a way to benefit the economy
a conflict between rival alliances
Which phrase best describes World War I?
to establish naval bases
Which phrase best explains why imperial powers initially claimed the Pacific Islands?
Rushes were difficult to replace and collected waste and germs.
Which problem resulted from the use of rushes to create floors in medieval European homes?
restoring the nation to the glory of an earlier period
Which promise helped Italy's fascist leader of the 1930s come to power?
decentralization and conflict
Which qualities characterized the political climate of Italy during the late Middle Ages?
a realistic depiction of the human body
Which quality is commonly seen in paintings by Michelangelo, Raphael, and van Eyck?
The sale of forgiveness undermined the moral authority and religious teachings of the Church.
Which statement best explains why leaders of the Reformation objected to indulgences?
a revolt led by Japanese bureaucrats and warriors
Which development brought about the Meiji Restoration?
The French monarchy was abolished.
Which development was a result of Austria and Prussia's invasion of France in 1792?
widespread bank failures
Which economic development closely followed the stock market crash of 1929?
the Boxer Rebellion
Which event most encouraged the emergence of Chinese nationalism?
the convening of the Berlin Conference
Which event prompted the race to carve up Africa into European colonies?
Samuel de Champlain
Which explorer founded the French colony of Quebec?
maneuvering by European nations to serve their own interests
Which factor contributed most to Greek independence from the Ottoman Empire?
a steady expansion of the political power of the Catholic Church
Which factor contributed most to beginning of the Reformation?
located far from the Catholic capital in Rome
Nations that supported the Protestant Reformation were commonly
govern effectively
Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince addressed the question of how societies should best
the formation of a worldview that challenged tradition
The Scientific Revolution resulted in which change in European society?
Luther's translation of the Bible into German
The accomplishments of William Tyndale were most similar to
John Locke
The concept of individualism was most central to the political ideas of
Hispaniola
Where was sugarcane first grown in the Caribbean region?
woodblock printing
Which Chinese art form had the greatest influence on the Italian Renaissance?
Richard I
Which English king was considered to be an ineffective ruler because he spent most of his reign fighting the Crusades?
Voltaire
Which Enlightenment thinker produced plays and poems, as well as historical and philosophical essays?
France
Which European power focused on establishing a fur trade with Native Americans?
Humans are fully capable of developing knowledge and skills in all areas.
Which Renaissance idea was best exemplified by Leonardo da Vinci?
those that caused harm to the most people
Which actions did utilitarian thinkers consider to be wrong?
selling African ivory in Europe
Which activity would have brought the greatest wealth to a European who ran trading posts in Africa?
Second Battle of the Marne
Which battle began as a result of Germany's final major offensive in World War I?
the Congress of Vienna
Which body made decisions that redrew the boundaries of Europe?
a sharp increase in the demand for and cost of laborers
Which change in the economy of Europe was a result of outbreaks of the bubonic plague?
increasing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union
Which description best applies to the Allies' conferences at Yalta and Potsdam?
European nations' desire to expand trade with other regions
Which desire contributed to the start of the Age of Exploration?
European advances in navigational technology
Which factor contributed most to the beginning of the Age of Exploration?
development of a powerful navy
Which factor enabled England to expand its participation in the European trade with Asia?
creating stable allies
Which goal did U.S. policy toward Germany and Japan after World War II aim to accomplish?
peasants
Which group most benefited from the economic impact of outbreaks of the bubonic plague?
Italian patrons
Which group supported those who conducted the early work of the Renaissance?
The government should represent the will of the people.
Which idea did Enlightenment thinkers most directly borrow from ancient Greek democracy and Roman republicanism?
the steam-powered pump
Which invention directly addressed a problem the coal-mining industry faced?
Henry the Navigator
Which leader financed explorers to look for a new trade route for Portugal?
It allowed them to trade in China but limited their access to Chinese territory.
Which policy did the Chinese government first adopt with regard to European traders?
the dumping of garbage and waste in the street
Which practice is an example of the poor hygienic practices in the Middle Ages?
It should promote private ownership and profit-making.
Which statement best describes Adam Smith's ideas about the economy?
Germany occupied most of mainland Europe.
Which statement best describes the military situation in Europe at the beginning of 1942?
It brought wealth to the families who supported Italian artists and thinkers.
Which statement best explains how foreign trade contributed to the start of the Renaissance?
They wanted to find a short sea route to Asia by traveling west from Europe.
Which statement best explains the primary motivation of European explorers during the 1500s?
The Renaissance helped bring on the Age of Exploration because of its technological innovations and renewed spirit of investigation.
Which statement best explains the relationship between the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration?
They were no longer dependent on their lords for their armies.
Which statement best explains why economic growth helped kings increase their power?
Muslim scholars had preserved many of the writings of ancient Greece and Rome that influenced Renaissance thinkers.
Which statement best explains why the Muslim world had an important influence on the development of Renaissance ideas?
It suffered little damage to its economy during the war.
Which statement best explains why the United States emerged from World War II as the world's dominant power?
Many victims of the disease developed large boils on the surface of their skin.
Which statement best explains why the bubonic plague infected so many Europeans?
He spread Protestantism into England.
Which statement describes William Tyndale's major accomplishment during the Reformation?
People became increasingly frightened of the disease.
Which statement describes a result of regular repeated outbreaks of the bubonic plague?
Both were dominated by powerful wealthy families.
Which statement describes a similarity between Italian republics and signorias?
The Spanish colonists often set up plantations, but the English colonists often set up small-scale commercial farms.
Which statement describes difference between Spanish and English colonization in in the Americas?
Prices declined, and a greater variety of goods were available to consumers.
Which statement describes how members of the working class benefitted from industrialization?
It broadened food options
Which statement describes how the Columbian Exchange affected Europe?
There was no centralized power during the early Middle Ages.
Which statement explains why the feudal system developed?
the large amount of German debt owed as a result of World War I
Which was a major cause of Germany's economic crisis of the 1920s?
They believed that laissez-faire approaches contributed to financial problems
Why did people support policies that increased the role of government in the economy during the Great Depression?
modern moviemaking
William Shakespeare has most strongly influenced which of the following
plays and sonnets
William Shakespeare's main works were
William the Conqueror
William of Normandy, who became king of England in 1066, was known as
control over the means of production
What did Marx believe workers needed to ensure economic fairness?
rational thought
The central value of the Scientific Revolution was
Portuguese traders
The first Europeans to be in contact with the Japanese were
. It spurred development of independence movements within those colonies.
What impact did World War I have on European colonies in Africa and Asia?
to begin retaking territory in western Europe
What was the Allies' purpose for launching Operation Overlord?
knowledge about human anatomy
Andreas Vesalius contributed
It supported countries' establishment of overseas military bases.
How did nationalism indirectly contribute to imperialism?
punishing Germany for the war
The Treaty of Versailles accomplished which British and French goal?
uncover heretics within the Catholic Church
The purpose of the Inquisition was to
It provided European capitalists with easy access to raw materials.
Which statement explains how European imperialism relates to the Industrial Revolution?
Peasants could gain economic opportunity and status by escaping to a city.
"Town air brings freedom." —medieval proverb Which idea does this proverb represent?
an essay on surgical practices written in Latin
A Renaissance thinker would have been most likely to study which written work?
a desire to improve society
A common theme among Enlightenment thinkers was
one-third
About what proportion of Europe's 14th-century population died as a result of outbreaks of the bubonic plague?
It would cause the best businesses to survive and benefit society.
According to social Darwinists, how did natural selection support laissez-faire capitalism?
the use of cannons against castles
After the Hundred Years' War feudalism declined and a new age in warfare began as a result of
teachings of the Catholic Church
As a result of the Scientific Revolution, many European thinkers began to question the
the declarations of the pope
Before the Scientific Revolution, Europeans seeking to explain the workings of the universe would most likely have relied upon which source?
Canton
Chinese leaders limited Portuguese traders to settlements in
They bartered with African traders.
During the early stages of the Age of Exploration, how did Europeans obtain the goods they needed from Africa?
the natural rights of individuals
Enlightenment philosophers most strongly supported the belief that all societies should observe
by capturing Belgium first
How was Nazi Germany able to defeat France?
Both analyzed the functions and organization of government.
How were The Spirit of the Laws and Two Treatises on Government similar?
people's actions do not ultimately determine whether or not they will go to Heaven
In contrast to the Catholic Church, John Calvin believed that
planets obey regular laws of motion
Johannes Kepler's most lasting contribution to modern science was his claim that
the Mona Lisa
Leonardo da Vinci's best-known work of art is known as
perceived ideas about the universe
The Scientific Revolution most directly resulted in challenges to
practical problem solving
Renaissance humanism emphasized which concept?
ideas of the ancient world
Renaissance humanists focused their studies on the
practice their religion
Settlers at Plymouth moved to North America in order to
warfare among kingdoms in West Africa
Slavery within the African kingdoms was a result of
questioned claims made in biblical passages
The Catholic Church considered some thinkers of the Scientific Revolution to be heretics because they
a fur trade
The Dutch founded settlements in North America primarily to establish
it set limits on the power of the king
The Magna Carta was important because
an increase in the wealth of kings
The growing economy of Europe during the high Middle Ages led to
fight heresy within the Catholic Church
The original purpose of the Inquisition was to
operation of the Mediterranean trade system
The ruling class in Renaissance Italy made important contributions to the
Leonardo da Vinci
The studies of Andreas Vesalius built most directly on methods used by which Renaissance figure?
Leonardo and Michelangelo
The works produced by Raphael were most strongly influenced by
