World War 1 and World War 2
concentration camp
A place where Jews, political prisoners, and other "undesirables" were confined, usually under harsh conditions; Auschwitz, Dachau, and Treblinka are three places where these were located.
Nuremberg Laws
A series of laws and measures designed to isolate and humiliate the Jews; stripped away all Jewish rights in Germany and attempted to clarify the position of the Jews in the Third Reich.
puppet state
A supposedly independent country under the control of a powerful neighbor.
WORLD WAR TWO
A war fought between 1939-1945 between Axis/Allied powers.
Neutrality Acts (1-3)
Act aimed at helping prevent the nation from being drawn into war
League of Nations
An international peace keeping organization that did not have the power to enforce decisions
Philippines
Bataan death march occured here after 10,000 Americans and 70,000 Filipionos surrender
Great Purge
Beginning in 1934, Stalin's plan to eliminate all opposition to his Communist government (opposition was killed or sent to labor camps)
Winston Churchill
Britain prime minister, :"Never Surrender"
Stalin
Captain of USSR orders a scorched Earth policy (advancing soldiers had no food or shelter)
MANHATTAN PROJECT
Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb.
D-Day
Code name for the day that the Allied invasion of France would take place; June 6th, 1944
Joseph Stalin
Communist dictator of the Soviet Union, Successor to Lenin as head of the USSR; strongly nationalist view of Communism; war with Western Europe and the United States.
Communism
Create a society with no social classes after a violent overthrow of capitalism. Government on behalf of the people- government owns and controls all means of production and distribution
Fourteen Points
Created by President Wilson to create a lasting peace. It included: League of Nations, Freedom of the Seas, Mandate System, and Self-determination
D-Day
Day Day. US liberated france, belgium, luxemberg, and parts of netherland
Nazism
An extreme form of Fascism shaped by Hitler's fanatical ideas about German nationalism and racial purity.
Blitzkrieg
"Lightning War"
Kristallnacht
"night of broken glass" Nazis attacked many
Allied Powers
Great Britain, France, Russia, and later the United States during World War I
Allies
Great Britain, the Soviet Union, France, and the United States in World War II.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
He commanded the European Theatre in World War II; later became the 34th president of the United States.
Ethiopia
Invaded by France
Operation Overlord
Invasion of France. Commanded by Eisenhower. Omar Bradley led US troops. Bernard Montgomery led British. This is the Largest amphibious operation in history
D-day
June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II
Hitler
Leader of Germany
Mussolini
Leader of Italy
Vladimir Lenin
Leader of the Bolshevik (later Communist) Party. He lead the Bolsheviks to victory during the Russian Revolution and the civil war that followed.
Benito Mussolini
Leader of the Fascist party in Italy.
V-E day
May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day was also when the Germans surrendered, Victory in Europe Day on May 8th, 1945 celebrated the official defeat of the Nazis and end of WWII in Europe.
Germany
Militarize Rhineland, Anschluss (union of Germand and Austria to unite ethnic Germans). Hitler wants control of the Sudenten land (German speaking portion of Czech. Czech refuses, Hitler threatens military force). Munich Pact-G.B. (Neville Chamberlain) and France agree to let Hitler annex Sudentenland
Hideki Tojo
Military leader of Japan during World War II
Italy
Mussolini. inflation and desire for land. Had been promised land during WWI. the invade Ethiopia (league of nations doesnt take any actions)
V-J Day
Name chosen for the day on which the Surrender of Japan occurred, effectively ending World War II.
Nazi Party
National Socialist German Workers Party led by Hitler
Holocaust
Nazi-Germany's systematic attempt to murder all European Jews
Battle of El Alamein
North Africa attacks Germany and Germans are defeated in this battle
Enola Gay
On August 6, 1945, this American plane dropped a single atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
Joseph Stalin
Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition
Nagasaki
Second city that the Atomic Bomb was dropped onto...
Manhattan Project
Secret American program during World War II to develop an atomic bomb.
Kamikaze pilots
Suicide mission by Japanese pilots
Pearl Harbor
Surpries attact on USA by the Japanese
Socialism
System under which the means of production are publicly controlled and regulated rather than owned by individuals. Government determines needs of people and provides for them (major industries
GI
Term used for American soldiers in World War II, devised from the term "Government Issue."
Truman
ordered dropping of atomic bomb
Remove Germans from France
primary purpose of operation overlord
Manhattan Project
program that led to the creation of the atomic bomb
Nuremberg Laws
series of anti-semetic laws (779)
Treaty of Versailles
signed at the end of World War I - forced to sign a war-guilt clause and pay $33 billion in reparations
Genocide
systematic killing of a racial or cultural group
Axis Powers
the alliance of Germany, Italy andJapan in WWII
Self-determination
the right of people to choose their own form of government
Five-year plans
these were economic goals set for increased industrial production in the Soviet union under Joseph Stalin
USSR, Germany
two countries that signed non-aggression pact
V-E Day
victory in Europe, when German surrendered
League of Nations
world organization formed after World War I to maintain peace
Causes of the Russian Revolution
a) Previous defeat in the Russo-Japanese War b) Landless peasants c) incompetent leadership d)Many defeats and casualties during WW I
Chamberlain
accused by Churchill of appeasing Hitler
Hitler-Stalin Non-aggression pact
agree not to invade eachother (Hitler has assured himself a one front war) and Hitler promises Stalin part of Eastern Europe (Poland)
Allied Powers
alliance between Britain, France, and Russia, Later joined by the US during WWI
Lend - Lease
allowing US to send weapons to Great Britain regardless of their ability to pay
Lend-Lease
allows America to sell, lend, or lease arms or other war supplies to any nation considered "vital to the defense of the U.S."
Chester Nimitz
american leader at Battle of Coral Sea
Alliance System
another cause of World War I -defense agreement among nations - Triple Alliance & Triple Entente
Japan
attacks pearl harbour initially starting WWI
Neville Chamberlain
believes he has secured "peace in our time"
Dwight D. Eisenhower
commander of Operation Torch
USSR
...
Spanish civil war/ Francisco Franco
..., Military dictator of Spain
Holocaust
..., the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler
Adolf Hitler
1933 dictator of Germany, German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)
Neutrality Acts
1939 laws designed to keep the United States out of future wars.
Lend-Lease Act
1941 law that authorized the president to aid any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security.
Battle of Midway
1942 World War battle between the United States and Japan, the turning point in the war in the Pacific.
Weapons, Loans
2 things prohibited in Neutrality Acts
War Bonds, Victory Gardens
2 ways average americans helped the war
Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini
3 totalitarian leaders
totalitarian
A government that exerts total control over the nations and the citizens' lives.
blitzkrieg
A kind of warfare that emphasizes rapid and mechanized movement used by Germany during World War II; lightening war
dictator
A leader who has complete control over a country's government
island-hopping
A military strategy used during World War II that involved selectively attacking specific enemy-held islands and bypassing others.
Winston Churchill
A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an Iron Curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West.
Mandate System
Allocation of former German colonies and Ottoman possessions to the victorious powers after World War I, to be administered under League of Nations supervision
Woodrow Wilson
American President during WWI and created the Fourteen Points
George S. Patton
An American General and tank commander who's advance across France and Germany in 1944 -1945 made a significant victory to the Allied forces.
Pearl Harbor
December 7th, 1941 Japanese air raid on the United States in Hawaii
Scorched Earth Policy
Destroy everything Germans can use
George Patton
During Battle of the Bulge, allied powers were surrounded and low on supplies but _________ came to provide relief for the American Force
Communism
Economic system that is controlled by the Government. No private ownership. (Soviet Union)
Emperor Hirohito
Emperor of Japan during WWII and was viewed as a god by the people
Big Three
FDR, Churchill, and Stalin were known as ...
Benito Mussolini
Fascist dictator of Italy during World War II
Benito Mussolini
Fascist dictator of Italy. He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War two. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy.
Hiroshima
First city that the Atomic Bomb was dropped in
Munich Pact
Great Britain (Neville Chamberlain) and France agree to let Hitler annex the Sudentenland
Axis
GERMANY, ITALY, JAPAN
Allies
GREAT BRITAN, FRANCE,UNITED STATES,SOVIET UNION.
Capitalism
Gaining and promoting through PRIVATE OWNERSHIP and operation of business. FREE ENTERPRISE-can own and run any business as you wish
Adolf Hitler
German Nazi dictator during World War II/ leader of the Nazi party
Adolf Hitler
German dictator and leader of the Nazi party during World War II
Battle of Stalingrad
Germans went to capture ... industrial center on the Volga River.). Germans failed, Soviets counterattack, considered the turning point in East. Germany now on defensive
Britain
Germany attempted to take over
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire during World War I
Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, and Japan in World War II
Totalitarianism
Government control over every aspect of public and private life (examples: Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy during WW II)
Totalitarianism
Government has complete control over all aspects of a persons life. Police state-abolishes freedom-no opposition allowed
Archduke Ferdinand
Heir to Austrian throne whose assassination sparked World War I
Rhineland
Hitler Militarizes ..... (violation of Versailles Treaty)
Poland
Hitler promises Stalin this in the Non-aggression pact. Hitler attacks them and uses the Blitzkrieg
Sudetenland
Hitler wants to control the ..... (german speaking portion of Czech)
Battle of the Bulge
Hitlers last offensive. Germany attacked Belgian border. US held border until German troops broke through and created a bulge. America won with the help of Air support/ Tanks
death camp
In World War II, a German camp created solely for the purpose of mass murder.
Battle of Midway
Japan tries to lure USA into a naval battle to destroy fleet. Naval Intelligence had broken code and knew of attack. Japan lost naval superiority in the Pacific
Bataan Death March
Japanese soldiers surrendered starving and sick men to march for 5 days, If slowed they were shot, beaten, or beheaded and if they fell they were left for dead. Survivors were placed in P.O.W
Island hopping
MacArthur uses this tactic to travel from selected island to selected island to make their way to Japan
appeasement
Policy of giving in to a competitor's demands in order to preserve the peace.
fascism
Political philosophy that emphasizes the importance of the nation or an ethnic group, and the supreme authority of the leader over that of the individual.
Winston Churchill
Prime Minister of Great Britain during World War II; hated the policy of appeasement.
Hedeki Tojo
Prime minister of Japan and military leader during WWII, later executed for war crimes.
Gestapo
The German Secret State Police; their job was to spy on the general public for the Nazi party.
Battle of Coral Sea
USA aircraft Carriers used to halt Japan's invasion of New Guinea, FIRST time the Japanese had been halted...
Operation Torch
USA soldiers invaded Morocco and Algeria, Dwight Eisenhower was commander
V-J Day
The day that Japan surrenders
Reichstag
The headquarters of the German Parliamentary; burned when Hitler became Chancellor; Nazi headquarters during World War II after it was rebuilt.
Kristallnacht
The name given to the night of violence on 9 November 1938 when Nazi storm troopers looted and destroyed Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues and arrested thousands of Jews in Germany and Austria.
Bolshevik Revolution
The overthrow of Russia's provisional government by Lenin and his followers - created a communist nation in Russia
Russian, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottman Empires
These empires ended as a result of World War I
Battle of Bulge
This battle was the German's last major offensive in World War II. The Allies pushed the Germans back and won.
Russia
This country pulled out of World War I due poltical and economic problems
Germany
This country's unrestricted submarine warfare caused the U.S. to enter World War I in 1917
fascism
This is a form of goverment in whitch individual fredoms are denied and complete power is given to the goverment.
United States
This world power did not join the League of Nations
Fascism
Totalitarian in which the people are subordinate to the nation state (Mussolini). Stresses nationalism, militarism, and imperialism
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty that ended WW I. It blamed Germany for WW I and handed down harsh punishment.
Atomic BOMB
Type of bomb built during WORLD WAR II that was more powerful than any built before it.
Battle of Midway
U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in the pacific theater of World War II.
Manchuria
US military (w/o gov't appeal) invades Chinese province of
Battle of Stalingrad
Unsuccessful German attack on the city of Stalingrad during World War II from 1942 to 1943, that was the furthest extent of German advance into the Soviet Union.
Battle of the Bulge
World War II battle in which German forces launched a final counterattack in the West; after this defeat, Germany lost the will to continue fighting.
cash and carry
World War II policy requiring nations at war to pay cash for all nonmilitary goods and to be responsible for transporting the goods from the United States.
Nationalism
a cause of World War I - loyalty to a nation and promotion of its interests above all others
Militarism
a cause of World War I - policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war
Imperialism
a cause of World War I that involved European powers competing for colonies
arsenal
a military structure where arms and ammunition and other military equipment are stored and training is given in the use of arms.
American isolationism
desire to avoid involvement in foreign wars
4th Neutrality Act
differs from the first three allowing the sale of weapons...
Nazis
extreme fascism- developed by Hitler. More extreme racist convictions- superiority of Aryan race
Italy
first Facious country
D-Day
first day of the Battle of Normandy
Appeasement
giving into demands of an aggressor in attempt to keep peace
Puppet Government
government that looks independent but actually controlled by another country
James Doolittle
he lead 16 American bombers on a raid of Tokyo
Dwight Eisenhower
leader of the Allied forces in Europe during WORLD WAR11 leader of troops in Africa and commander in D-Day invasion-elected president.
Rationing
limiting the amount of a certain product an individual can get
Scorchearth
method of destroying things Germany can use
