WWII
Who was involved with the Nuclear bombs?
The US and Japan
Who was the state of Israel recognized by?
The US and USSR
How was the war in the Pacific different from the war in Europe?
The US fought mostly naval battles in the Pacific and land battles in Europe
How did the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor contribute to the ultimate success of the allies?
The US joined the war
The resistance movement would (alliance, collaborate) with the enemy to get the supplies they needed.
collaborate
What was the cost effective way that the Jewish problem was addressed?
concentration camps
holocaust
destruction by fire
Holocaust: why?
distortion of Darwin's theories: "survival of the fittest". 1859: "On the Origin of Species".
The League of Nations tried to place an (alliance, embargo) on Italy when they invaded Ethiopia.
embargo
What happened at Potsdam?
The Big Three wanted Japan to surrender and they planned to control and occupy Germany.
How were the bombs dropped?
Air raid - Enola Gay
Who were the Axis Powers?
Germany Japan Italy
What was created after the Holocaust?
State of Israel and Nuremberg trials
Blitz
Sudden attack
What is the period of time when there was little fighting for the first six months when Britain and France declared war on Germany?
"The phoney war"
Holocaust: political and social upheaval?
- Depression in Germany blamed on Jews - social "Jewish problem" (not a race) - rural --> urban - Jews blamed for loss of family values - Jews forced to live in urban areas --> blamed for the problems
Holocaust: combined theories?
- Extreme nationalism - Imperialistic goals creates competition - Humiliation of Treaty of Versailles - Devastation and Depression - anti-semetic feelings - impersonal values to civilization
Which are sporadic wars that helped cause WWII?
- Italy invades Ethiopia - Spanish civil war - Japan invades China
Name three threats to world peace (1930s):
- Japan's invasion of Manchuria - Italy's campaign to conquer and colonize Ethiopia - civil war in Spain that resulted in a Fascist govt
What did Russia join the war against Japan in return for?
- Occupation zones in Manchuria and North Korea - join the League of Nations
2 argument against dropping the atomic bomb:
- dropped over innocent civilization populations: people had no say in gov't or military decisions (inhumane) - The US only did it to come out of the war more powerful than Russia and to convince Russia to join the war against Japan. Japan acted as a pawn in the US's scheme.
What were the main reasons for the failure of the League of Nations?
- it had no power - not every country belonged - it had no army - it was unable to act quickly - no money
Why couldn't Germany just take over Czech?
- it was a powerful new country - it was allied w Russia (protected)
What did Hitler and Stalin agree to do in their nonaggression pact?
- never to attack each other - actually to split Europe
Who are the groups targeted by Hitler's regime?
- political opponents - Jehovah's witnesses - Poles - Russians - gypsies - homosexuals - people with mental or physical disabilities - criminals - slavic poles
2 arguments for dropping the atomic bomb:
- saved the lives of millions of americans and troops at war because it ended the war early (it was intended to get Japan to surrender to be preventative) - it was an act of defense: they had given Japan opportunity and time to surrender. Also: payback for Pearl Harbor
What did Hitler order the German people to do at the end of the war?
- to walk in virtual death march w/o food or clothing or destination - he destroyed assets
Causes
- totalitarianism (Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin) - alliances - weak league of nations - military actions around the world - problems left from WWI - 1920s and 1930s - appeasement - propaganda
What were the three basic charges of the Nuremberg trials?
- war crimes - crime against humanity - launch of aggressive war
What did the big three do at Yalta? (4)
-Agreed to Protocol of Proceedings which divided Germany into four zones -brought Nazi war criminals to trial, set up a Polish provisional govt -set up democratic govts around Europe -set up commissions to look into reparations
Why was Potsdam unsuccessful?
-Relations worsened and Stalin had more negative influence - Roosevelt died, Truman was becoming tough -US tested the first atomic bomb and no longer needed Russias help in the war
Types of propaganda:
-recruitment -rally the nation -motivation -promotion
What did the Potsdam conference agree to?
-set up four occupation zones in Germany -bring nazi war criminals to trial -recognize Polish provisional govt -take reparations from the zones
When was the League of Nations created?
1919
When did Hitler order German troops to the Rhineland?
1936
When did war start?
1939
When did war end?
1945
When were they liberated?
1945
When is the last camp open til?
1957
How many defendants were there?
22
When did Germany and Italy declare war on the US?
4 days after Pearl Harbor. December 11, 1941
When did German Troops invade Poland?
9/1/1939
When was the Nuremberg law created?
9/15/1935
F/A: All those who appeased Hitler were poor judges of character
A
F/A: Appeasement as a foreign policy is a form of isolationism.
A
F/A: Appeasement encouraged Hitler to believe he could do whatever he wanted
A
F/A: Appeasement is moral cowardice.
A
F/A: Appeasement was a series of offerings to Hitler that allowed him time to rebuild his military.
A
F/A: Appeasement would never satisfy a Fascist totalitarian like Hitler
A
F/A: Appeasers offer concessions at someone else's expense
A
F/A: Chamberlain had no experience in foreign affairs.
A
F/A: If GB stopped Germany prior to its rearming efforts, appeasement would have been successful
A
F/A: Many people still believe in the League of Nations
A
F/A:Any man who thought a piece of paper would hold Hitler was a fool
A
F/A:Hitler was evil and Chamberlain should have opposed him.
A
How did Operation Barbarossa contribute to the ultimate success of the allies?
Allies win because when winter comes, Germans are unprepared
What did the people of Austria who took the vote of wether they wanted to be a part of Germany or not want?
Anschluss
Alliance between Germany and Japan
Anti-Comitern Pact
What was the policy by the British govt that gave into Hitler's demands to prevent a war?
Appeasement
When was the first bomb dropped?
August 6, 1945
When was the second bomb dropped?
August 9, 1945
What did the Displaced Persons Act of 1948 do?
Authorized 200,000 DPs to enter the US
Embargo
Ban on trade
Why was June 1940 a good time for Hitler to try to invade Britain?
Because France was occupied already (Britain was alone)
Why was it hard to get to Palestine? Who controlled it?
Because immigration was closed to Palestine under British control.
Why were the countries of Europe so keen to avoid war?
Because they are afraid of the heavy cost -- of life and money
Which dictator rose to power in Italy?
Benito Mussolini
Totalitarian
Complete control
Who was not invited to the Munich Agreement?
Czechoslovakia
Where was the first concentration camp and when was it opened?
Dachau, 1933
Who was the leader of the Jewish community in Palestine?
David Ben-Gurion
When was Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in the US?
December 7, 1941
Where were the Jews left after liberated?
Displaced persons camps
F/A: Appeasement is a genuine attempt to keep the peace
F
F/A: Appeasement is always worth trying.
F
F/A: Appeasement is in line with the anti-war mindset of most people after WWI
F
F/A: Appeasement is not always wrong. All concessions among enemies cannot be mistaken or else politics would consist of little more than fighting.
F
F/A: Appeasement was based in the experiences if WWI... European countries would rather take the time to appease than fall into another war because of entangled alliances
F
F/A: Appeasement was extremely popular with politicians as well as the general public.
F
F/A: Appeasing Hitler meant opposing the spread of Communism in Europe
F
F/A: Britain could not defend her empire AND fight a war in Europe.
F
F/A: Britain's small army was too weak to go to war again.
F
F/A: GB was in the middle of an economic crisis and had no alternative but to appease Hitler
F
F/A: War is recklessness.
F
F/A: Appeasement plays into Hitler's scheme for a greater Germany
F/A
F/A: War was inevitable after Hitler came to power
F/A
Who were the Big Three?
FDRoosevelt (US), Joseph Stalin (USSR) and Winston Churchill (GB)
Holocaust: industrialization?
Factories allowed mass killing on an impersonal level (gov't sponsored)
Mussolini was a (Nazi, Fascist) and Hitler a (Nazi, Communist) when they joined to form the Axis Powers.
Fascist, Nazi
When was Yalta?
February 1945
Where were the judges at the Nuremberg trials from?
France, GB, USSR and US
Who was Germany split between at Yalta?
GB, France, US and USSR
Which four countries were at the Munich Conference?
GB, Germany, France and Italy
What did the US do on August 7, 1945?
Gave Japan an ultimatum to surrender
Nazi
German political party
Who did the Treaty of Versailles blame WWI on?
Germany
What did the US want to do?
Get the Jews to Palestine but he could not change British policy so he authorized them to enter the US.
Who wast the US president during the DP camp crisis?
Harry S. Truman
What was Hitler's total affect on Germany?
He annihilated 6 million Jews, he wrecked Europe by causing the East-West division, and he left Germany's govt a political wasteland when he made himself Fuhrer.
How did Hitler die?
He committed suicide.
What did Hitler think of Germany's loss in WWI?
He thought it was premature and shameful.
What did Clemenceau want out of the Treaty of Versailles?
He wanted revenge on Germany and for them to never be able to start a war again.
What was Germany's national unity under Hitler?
He was seen as a national savior and people came to support him as Führer
Where was the first bomb dropped?
Hiroshima
Where were the nuclear bombs dropped?
Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan
What happened on June 22, 1941 to change the war?
Hitler invaded Russia
What was the final crisis that began WWII?
Hitler's attack on Poland
What was Operation Barbarossa?
Hitler's plan to invade Soviet Russia
What was the part of Czechoslovakia where most German speaking people lived called?
Sudetenland
What region did Germany demand be handed over?
Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia
What was Germany's military recovery under Hitler?
In 1938, Germany had to strongest army which was against the Treaty of Versailles
What were the Nuremberg trials?
International Military Tribunal called to prosecute Nazi war criminals
How does the Nuremberg law contribute to the creation of a "master race"?
It eliminated everyone that threatens the purity of the master race. This is also successfully carried out by the law because it prevents anyone who is inferior from producing with people of the master race.
What did Churchill think of Russia's influence on the free world? Why?
It was becoming dangerous; spread of communism
Why did the Nazi's fear the discovery of their concentration camps?
It would motivate the enemy to liberate Europe
Who declared war on Germany on September 3?
Italy and GB
When was Hitler appointed chancellor of Germany?
January 1933
Prior to the start of war, Germany signed a pact with:
Japan and Italy
Why were they dropped?
Japan wouldn't surrender from the war
Which three countries adopted forms of dictatorships?
Japan, Germany and Italy
When was Potsdam?
July 1945
Where and when did the US defeat the Japanese navy?
June 1942, Battle of Midway
What was Germany's national expansion under Hitler?
LEBENSRAUM led to the incorporation of Austria and Sudetenland as part of Germany.
When did Hitler invade the remaining part of Czech?
March 15, 1939
When did German troops march into Austria?
March 1938
What was Germany's economic recovery under Hitler?
Massive unemployment to full employment. The shift from poverty to comfortable prosperity created national confidence.
When was the state of Israel recognized?
May 14, 1948
What was the book Hitler wrote about his Fascist political philosophy, condemning democratic govt and expressing his hatred for Jews?
Mein Kampf
What was the agreement made by Germany, Britain, France and Italy that said Sudetenland would be returned to Germany and Germany would make no further territorial claims?
Munich Agreement
Where was the second bomb dropped?
Nagasaki
Buffer zone
Neutral area between waring nations
Who was the prime minister of Britain?
Neville Chamberlain
Was Hitler a German?
No, he was born in Austria and moved to Germany in 1913
What effects did the bombs have on peoples lives?
PTSD, physical injury, radiation sickness, destroyed homes, inability to work/provide, no drinkable water
Where did the Bielskis go when liberated?
Palestine
What is a partisan group?
People who share the same goals
Who are the people subject to the law?
People with hereditary defects, chronic alcoholism, and anyone who would "muddy" the gene pool.
Alliance between Germany and Italy
Rome-Berlin Axis
What was the main goal of the Bielskis?
Saving fellow Jewish people
WWII began on:
September 1, 1939
Who were the two opposing camps in Europe during the 1930s?
The nations satisfied with the WWI peace settlement and the nations that were dissatisfied.
Isolationism
The policy of separating
Condition in DP camps?
There were schools, weddings, births, holidays gatherings and celebrations. They turned into active cultural and social centers. There were athletic groups, music groups, etc. Conditions were bleak.
Why did the group become vulnerable to German patrols?
They feared their suppliers would turn them in
Why didn't these people just go home?
They refused because they wanted to emigrate to Palestine.
What happened to people in concentration camps after the war?
They stayed in the camps which turned into DP camps in order for people to relocate their families.
Why (do you think) the Germans wrote the laws?
To create distance between the Germans and Jews and officially have a reason to blame/ have an excuse to carry out consequences on Jews.
Where were Jews sent?
To ghettos then to concentration camps then to death camps
Annexation
To join, to add on (w/ another country)
Appeasement
To satisfy
What did the Nuremberg Law mean for Jewish people?
Took away their rights and excluded them from Germany. It portrayed them as a danger to the German society.
Fascist
Totalitarian leader where all loyalty lies w/ state
Who were the Allied Powers?
US GB Russia
Who were they liberated by?
US and USSR
When did the US enter the war?
When Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
Collaborate
Work together
One of the first steps Hitler took was the (annexation, isolationism) of Austria.
annexation
Two keys to the start of the war were the (blitz,appeasement) and the (militarism, mobilization) of (Nazi, Communist) Germany.
appeasement, mobilization, Communist
The German's would start the war with a(n) (blitz, isolationism) on Poland.
blitz
The German's used Poland as a(n) (embargo, buffer zone) between themselves and the Soviet Union.
buffer zone
Where did the Jews that joined the Bielskis come from?
ghettos, concentration camps and other partisan groups
What did Truman feel about Potsdam?
he felt it was a compromise but was against 1. how to divide Germany 2. the amount of money Germany should pay for reparations 3. Russia's influence over countries
All are causes except: - the Great Depression - hunger strikes - the rise of totalitarianism - sporadic wars in the 1930s
hunger strikes
Which country(ies) was responsible for the Pacific Theater of Operation?
largely a US effort to stem the attacks of Japan
Holocaust
mass murders of Jews in Germany
Did they plead not guilty or guilty?
not guilty
The German's would use (Holocaust, propaganda) to promote their ideas about the Jews.
propaganda
Holocaust: when?
reign of Hitler (1933-1945)
What was agreed at the Munich Conference?
that Sudetenland would be given to Germany
What did Hitler claim when he joined Germany with Austria?
that he was uniting the German speaking people
Where did the Russians win their first victory against Germany?
the Battle of Stalingrad
What is zionism?
the movement to return to the Jewish homeland which was British-controlled Palestine
What was the purpose of the League of Nations?
to create world peace
Nuremberg Laws purpose:
to protect German Blood and Honor